{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:41:33Z","timestamp":1785152493632,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Teacher"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"DOI":"10.3109\/0142159x.2010.501190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,27]],"date-time":"2010-07-27T10:30:44Z","timestamp":1280226644000},"page":"638-645","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2131,"title":["Competency-based medical education: theory to practice"],"prefix":"10.3109","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda S.","family":"Snell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olle Ten","family":"Cate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Holmboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Carraccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan R.","family":"Swing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Glasgow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Dath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald M.","family":"Harden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Iobst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donlin M.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rani","family":"Mungroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denyse L.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Sherbino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Silver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Taber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"25","key":"CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe068179","volume":"355","author":"Aggarwal R","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2007.02996.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"CIT0004","first-page":"701","volume":"29","author":"Bell HS","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ap.24.2.68","volume":"24","author":"Bienenfeld D","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acad Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0006","volume-title":"Schools, society, and mastery learning","author":"Block JH","year":"1974"},{"issue":"8","key":"CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31817eb632","volume":"83","author":"Carraccio CL","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200205000-00003","volume":"77","author":"Carraccio C","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530090038019","volume":"274","author":"Christakis NA","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7366","key":"CIT0010","first-page":"693","volume":"235","author":"Diwakar V","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/0270467604264992","volume":"24","author":"Dreyfus SE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull Sci Technot Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0012","first-page":"1278","volume":"10","author":"du Toit R","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rural Remote Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.2.226","volume":"287","author":"Epstein RM","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590701746983","volume":"29","author":"Frank JR","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"key":"CIT0021","volume-title":"Multiple intelligences: New horizons in theory and practice","author":"Gardner H","year":"2006"},{"key":"CIT0022","volume-title":"On competence: A critical analysis of competence-based reforms in higher education","author":"Grant G","year":"1979"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/01421599979969","volume":"21","author":"Harden RM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"issue":"21","key":"CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1080\/01421599978951","author":"Harden RM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"key":"CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1177\/002248717302400306","volume":"24","author":"Houston RW","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Teach Ed"},{"issue":"12","key":"CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2005.02338.x","volume":"39","author":"Koens F","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-2-200601170-00008","volume":"144","author":"Leape LL","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"key":"CIT0030","volume-title":"Improving student achievement through mastery learning","author":"Levine D","year":"1985"},{"issue":"7366","key":"CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7366.693","volume":"235","author":"Leung W","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200012000-00009","volume":"75","author":"Long DM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"CIT0033","volume-title":"Preparing instructional objectives: A critical tool in the development of effective instruction, 3rd","author":"Mager RF","year":"1997"},{"issue":"12","key":"CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/54.12.1412","volume":"54","author":"Marshall JM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Health-Syst Pharm"},{"key":"CIT0035","volume-title":"Competency-based curriculum development in medical education","author":"McGaghie WC","year":"1978"},{"key":"CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J147v18n03_01"},{"issue":"9","key":"CIT0037","first-page":"1471","volume":"148","author":"Neufeld VR","year":"1993","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"CIT0038","first-page":"41","volume":"110","author":"Paulson K","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Dir Inst Res"},{"key":"CIT0039","volume-title":"Continuing medical education: A primer, 2nd","author":"Pierson RN","year":"1992"},{"key":"CIT0040","first-page":"637","author":"Pruitt SD","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ330"},{"issue":"8","key":"CIT0043","first-page":"37","volume":"41","author":"Rubin SE","year":"1984","journal-title":"Educ Leadersh"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590220120713","volume":"24","author":"Simpson JG","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X006001009","volume":"6","author":"Spady WG","year":"1977","journal-title":"Educ Res"},{"key":"CIT0046","volume-title":"Outcome-based education: Critical issues and answers","author":"Spady WG","year":"1994"},{"issue":"6","key":"CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.2004.01794.x","volume":"38","author":"Talbot M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009893715930","volume":"4","author":"Tamblyn R","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Educ"},{"key":"CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31805559c7"},{"key":"CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2005.02341.x"},{"key":"CIT0053","volume-title":"Basic principles of curriculum and instruction","author":"Tyler RW","year":"1949"},{"key":"CIT0054","first-page":"5","volume":"110","author":"Voorhees RA","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Dir Inst Res"},{"key":"CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/ir.13","volume":"110","author":"Voorhees AB","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Dir Instit Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3992.2005.00003.x","volume":"24","author":"Wang N","year":"2005","journal-title":"Educ Meas"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.7899\/1042-5055-23.2.123","volume":"23","author":"Wangler M","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Chiropr Educ"}],"container-title":["Medical Teacher"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3109\/0142159X.2010.501190","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]],"date-time":"2019-05-31T15:01:14Z","timestamp":1559314874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.3109\/0142159X.2010.501190"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,27]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3109\/0142159X.2010.501190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/0142159x.2010.501190","relation":{},"ISSN":["0142-159X","1466-187X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0142-159X","type":"print"},{"value":"1466-187X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,27]]}}}