{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:12:49Z","timestamp":1762917169421},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"1-2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunological Investigations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"DOI":"10.3109\/08820139709048921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,11]],"date-time":"2008-12-11T00:17:37Z","timestamp":1228954657000},"page":"129-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Toxins of Group a Streptococcus, the Flesh Eating Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Dennis L.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","volume-title":"Pediatrics: The Hygienic and Medical Treatment of Children","author":"Rotch T. M","year":"1896"},{"key":"CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198702193160801","volume":"316","author":"Veasy L. G.","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0103.950301"},{"issue":"7","key":"CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198307000-00026","volume":"76","author":"Greenberg R. N.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Southern Medical Journal"},{"key":"CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707163170305"},{"key":"CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1988.00380060185032"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198907063210101","volume":"321","author":"Stevens D. L.","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500030082037","volume":"269","author":"Hoge C. W.","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/16.6.792","volume":"16","author":"Demers B.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.1.31","volume":"166","author":"Holm S. E.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.2.277","volume":"15","author":"Schwartz B.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0012","volume-title":"Program and Abstracts of the American Society for Microbiology","author":"Dipersio J. R.","year":"1995"},{"issue":"5","key":"CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1992.00400170099019","volume":"152","author":"Auerbach S. B.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"CIT0014","author":"Hohenboken J. J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"ICAAC"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81129-1","volume":"20","author":"Valenzuela T. D.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500030088038","volume":"269","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.1.2","volume":"14","author":"Stevens D. L","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199601253340407","volume":"334","author":"Bisno A. I.","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"CIT0020","unstructured":"Alouf J. E., Geoffroy C. Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins, J. E. Alouf, J. H. Freereds. Academic Press, New York 1991; 147\u2013186"},{"key":"CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/138.3.287","volume":"138","author":"Stamm W. E.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/8.6.941","volume":"8","author":"Bibler M. R.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.1.291-294.1989","volume":"57","author":"Fast D. J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"CIT0024","first-page":"189A","volume":"39","author":"Hackett S. P.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400062276","volume":"95","author":"Hallas G","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Hyg (Camb)"},{"key":"CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116641","volume":"92","author":"Mollick J. A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)80323-M","volume":"331","author":"Iwasaki M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Febs Lett"},{"key":"CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5227","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.12.5227-5233.1994","volume":"62","author":"Norrby-Teglund A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.89.3.307","volume":"89","author":"Lancefield R. C","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.2.374","volume":"166","author":"Johnson D. R.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0031","first-page":"104","volume":"266","author":"Kohler W.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Zbl Bakt Hyg"},{"key":"CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.7.2668","volume":"88","author":"Musser J. M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90339-5","volume":"339","author":"Cleary P. P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.36.2.745-750.1982","volume":"36","author":"Nida S. K.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.166.2.623-627.1986","volume":"166","author":"Johnson L. P.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0038","first-page":"213A","volume":"39","author":"Mollick J. A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.5.879","volume":"165","author":"Hackett S. P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.126.4.1499","volume":"126","author":"Dale J. B.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"CIT0042","first-page":"74","volume":"171","author":"Watanabe-Ohnishi R.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ontario Streptococcal Study Project and M. Kotb. J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-199206000-00009","volume":"5","author":"Stevens D. L.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0044","volume-title":"Program and Abstracts of the American Society for Microbiology","author":"Hackett S.","year":"1994"},{"key":"CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4915","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.11.4915-4921.1994","volume":"62","author":"Muller-Alouf H.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.1.232","volume":"168","author":"Hackett S. P.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7676","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.16.7676","volume":"90","author":"Kappur V.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199406000-00033","volume":"13","author":"Stevens D. L","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1985.00360060076010","volume":"145","author":"Adams E. M.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549009027073","volume":"22","author":"Martin P. R.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80026-5","volume":"272","author":"Kohler W","year":"1990","journal-title":"Zbl Bakt"},{"key":"CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-5-772_2"},{"issue":"22","key":"CIT0053","first-page":"1546","volume":"321","author":"Gaworzewska E. T.","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(52)90293-3","volume":"13","author":"Eagle H","year":"1952","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.1.23"},{"key":"CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-8579(94)90029-9","volume":"4","author":"Stevens D. L.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrobial Agents"},{"key":"CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.6.1401","volume":"167","author":"Stevens D. L.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06341.x","volume":"110","author":"Yan S.","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Letters"},{"key":"CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.3.609","volume":"170","author":"Yan S.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.31.2.213","volume":"31","author":"Stevens D. L.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110152"},{"key":"CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.Supplement_2.S154"},{"key":"CIT0063","volume-title":"35th Annual ICAAC","author":"Norby-Teglund A.","year":"1995"},{"key":"CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480240077038","volume":"267","author":"Barry W.","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92548-8","volume":"343","author":"Yong J. M","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549209054644","volume":"24","author":"Stegmayr B.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0067","volume-title":"35th Annual ICAAC","author":"Kaul R.","year":"1995"},{"key":"CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.5.1384-1390.1990","volume":"58","author":"Shimozato T.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117012","volume":"93","author":"Achiron A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.3.619","volume":"173","author":"Stevens D. L.","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.4.977"},{"key":"CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.141.5.935","volume":"141","author":"Greenberg L. J.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197311222892107","volume":"289","author":"Weinstein L.","year":"1972","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780280912","volume":"28","author":"Zabriskie J. B.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arthritis Rherm"}],"container-title":["Immunological Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3109\/08820139709048921","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T21:08:30Z","timestamp":1684789710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.3109\/08820139709048921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3109\/08820139709048921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08820139709048921","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-0139","1532-4311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-0139","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-4311","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}}}