{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:43:29Z","timestamp":1792028609953,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"DOI":"10.3109\/08820539909069543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,29]],"date-time":"2008-01-29T16:09:22Z","timestamp":1201622962000},"page":"240-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":167,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Permeability in Diabetic Retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Antonetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Neuroscience and Anatomy, and Ophthalmology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Geisinger Health System, HersheyPA, 17053"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Lieth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Neuroscience and Anatomy, and Ophthalmology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Geisinger Health System, HersheyPA, 17053"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair J.","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Neuroscience and Anatomy, and Ophthalmology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Geisinger Health System, HersheyPA, 17053"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Neuroscience and Anatomy, and Ophthalmology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Geisinger Health System, HersheyPA, 17053"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30894-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)31052-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30973-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.17.2.375"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.50.8.441"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(66)80011-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.34.1.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(98)00125-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"Fl","article-title":"Molecular structure and assembly of the tight junction","volume":"274","author":"Denker B M","year":"1998","unstructured":"Denker B M, Nigam S K. Molecular structure and assembly of the tight junction. Am J Physiol 1998; 274: Fl\u20139","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.60.1.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.14.1.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)61052-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.133.1.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.110.14.1603"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.109.9.2287"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.110.9.1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.138.4.891"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mic.5.2-3.197.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.2.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.7.1539"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.2.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5424.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.12.1953"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1995.269.4.G467"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0230470"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.127.6.1617"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.1.199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.45.29745"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6491"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(07)00375-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.138.1.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Growth Factors and Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"23","author":"Paques M.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Paques M., Massin P., Guadric A. Growth Factors and Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes Metab 1997; 23: 125\u2013130","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000268033"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor and ocular neovascularization [comment]","volume":"151","author":"Miller J W","year":"1997","unstructured":"Miller J W. Vascular endothelial growth factor and ocular neovascularization [comment]. Am J Pathol 1997; 151: 13\u201323","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0895(199703)13:1<37::AID-DMR174>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"819","article-title":"The relation between expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetic rat retinas","volume":"74","author":"Murata T.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Murata T., Nakagawa K., Khalil A., et al. The relation between expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetic rat retinas. Laboratory Investigation 1996; 74: 819\u201325","journal-title":"Laboratory Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in control and diabetic rat eyes","volume":"78","author":"Gilbert R E","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gilbert R E, Vranes D., Berka J L, Kelly D J, Cox A., Wu L L, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in control and diabetic rat eyes. Lab Invest 1998; 78: 1017\u20131027","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.3.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412013312203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)75794-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.10.919"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor is present in glial cells of the retina and optic nerve of human subjects with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"38","author":"Amin R H","year":"1997","unstructured":"Amin R H, Frank R N, Kennedy A., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is present in glial cells of the retina and optic nerve of human subjects with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997; 38: 36\u201347","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100140179011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","first-page":"1453","article-title":"Expression of vascular endotheJial growth factor in the human retina and in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"152","author":"Gerhardinger C.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gerhardinger C., Brown L F, Roy S., et al. Expression of vascular endotheJial growth factor in the human retina and in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am J Pathol 1998; 152: 1453\u20131462","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"2115","article-title":"Constitutuive expression of VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in normal eyes","volume":"40","author":"Kim I.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kim I., Ryan A M, Rohan R., et al. Constitutuive expression of VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in normal eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40: 2115\u20132121","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.2.S26"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.7.1659"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","first-page":"3649","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factor ligands and receptors immunolocalized in proliferative retinal diseases","volume":"35","author":"Robbins S G","year":"1994","unstructured":"Robbins S G, Mixon R N, Wilson D J, et al. Platelet-derived growth factor ligands and receptors immunolocalized in proliferative retinal diseases. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994; 35: 3649\u20133663","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(05)80003-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5322.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5322.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.3.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","first-page":"2423","article-title":"Astrocytes increase barrier properties and ZO-1 expression in retinal vascular endo-thelial cells","volume":"38","author":"Gardner T W","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gardner T W, Lieth W., Khin S A, et al. Astrocytes increase barrier properties and ZO-1 expression in retinal vascular endo-thelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997; 38: 2423\u20132427","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.115.6.1725"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.5.815"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1998.0546"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.6.2369"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mic.6.1.7.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Vascular permeability factor\/vascular endothelial growth factor and the significance of microvascular hyperpermeability in angiogenesis","volume":"237","author":"Dvorak H E","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dvorak H E, Nagy J A, Feng D., et al. Vascular permeability factor\/vascular endothelial growth factor and the significance of microvascular hyperpermeability in angiogenesis. Curr Top Mkrobiol Immunol 1999; 237: 97\u2013132","journal-title":"Curr Top Mkrobiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.5.1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.747bd.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mic.6.1.23.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mic.6.1.45.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"VEGF-induced permeability increase is mediated by caveolae","volume":"40","author":"Feng Y.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Feng Y., Venema V J, Venema R C, et al. VEGF-induced permeability increase is mediated by caveolae. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40: 157\u2013167","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","first-page":"23463","article-title":"VEGF induces rapid phosphorylation of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1: A potential mechanism for vascular permeability in diabetic retinopathy and tumors","volume":"274","author":"Antonetti D A","year":"1999","unstructured":"Antonetti D A, Barber A J, Hollinger L A, et al. VEGF induces rapid phosphorylation of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1: A potential mechanism for vascular permeability in diabetic retinopathy and tumors. J Biol Client 1999; 274: 23463\u201323467","journal-title":"J Biol Client"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.16.8.761.8991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.2.609"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.20.387"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.4.1735"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.24.15099"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.9.1473"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3109\/08820539909069543","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T12:12:18Z","timestamp":1753099938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.3109\/08820539909069543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3109\/08820539909069543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08820539909069543","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-0538","1744-5205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-0538","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-5205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}}}