{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:49:19Z","timestamp":1792514959398,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,31]],"date-time":"2010-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":363,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>: Difficulties with aspects of literacy are often seen in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (AD\/HD). The bases of the connections between these disorders and literacy difficulties are poorly understood. Furthermore, it is not clear if existing research is representative for girls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Aims<\/jats:italic>: There were three aims: (1) to compare performance in reading comprehension, word decoding, and spelling in girls with ASD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20), AD\/ HD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 36), and community girls with typical developing (girls; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 54); (2) to assess rates of reading and writing disorders within groups; and (3) to examine the predictive value of measures of autistic and AD\/HD symptomatology to reading comprehension in the whole girl sample.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods &amp; Procedures<\/jats:italic>: Participants were aged between 8 and 17 years, and had a full scale IQ&gt;70. Standardized tests of literacy, oral vocabulary, and non\u2010verbal ability were administered. Parent ratings of degree of autistic symptomatology and both parent and teacher ratings of AD\/HD symptomatology were collected for all girls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Outcomes &amp; Results<\/jats:italic>: Girls with diagnosed ASD could not be separated significantly from typically developing girls or girls with AD\/HD on average performance on any literacy test. However, among girls with ASD, 40% had at least one reading and writing disorder. Girls with AD\/HD performed lower than typically developing girls in reading comprehension, word decoding, and spelling, and 56% had at least one reading and writing disorder. In regression analysis, using the total sample, both degrees of autistic and AD\/HD symptomatology negatively contributed to the variance in reading comprehension after controlling for oral vocabulary, word decoding, and non\u2010verbal ability. Whereas AD\/HD contributed to the variance in reading comprehension once autistic symptomatology was controlled for, the opposite was not true. However, a large bivariate correlation between autistic and AD\/HD symptomatology somewhat complicates the interpretation of that result.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions &amp; Implications<\/jats:italic>: The findings highlight the importance of monitoring and supporting the literacy development in girls with ASD or AD\/HD. Results from regression analyses suggested that word decoding and\/or oral vocabulary training may not be sufficient for the girls fully to overcome difficulties in the important skill of reading comprehension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/13682820902745438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,10]],"date-time":"2009-12-10T12:48:15Z","timestamp":1260449295000},"page":"61-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Reading comprehension, word decoding and spelling in girls with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (AD\/HD): performance and predictors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Jakob","family":"\u00c5sberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svenny","family":"Kopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Berg\u2010Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Gillberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA)","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.08.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2007.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"ADHD and the Nature of Self\u2010Control","author":"Barkley R. A.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01710.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.1.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Manual till diagnostiska l\u00e4s\u2010 och skrivprov f\u00f6r a\u02darskurs 2\/3","author":"Bj\u00f6rkquist L.\u2010M.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000709904X22674"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01849.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Children's Comprehension Problems in Oral and Written Language: A Cognitive Perspective","author":"Cain K.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022606501530"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532799xssr1003_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023040610384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Discovering Statistics Using SPSS","author":"Field A. P.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Diagnostisering av elever med l\u00e4s\u2010 och skrivsv\u00e5righeter","author":"Franz\u00e9n L.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511543807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.111.1.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.5.1086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Diagnostiska l\u00e4s och skrivprov \u2014 Manual f\u00f6r klasserna 4\u20136","author":"J\u00e4rpsten B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361397011007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Klassdiagnoser i l\u00e4sning och skrivning f\u00f6r h\u00f6gstadiet och gymnasiet","author":"Johansson M.\u2010G.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00742"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-004-3002-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"Kopp S. Berg\u2010Kelly K. Gillberg C.Girls with social and\/or attention deficits: an in\u2010depth comparative study on 100 clinic attenders.Journal of Attention Disorders. Forthcoming."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820601178584"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Children's Comprehension Problems in Oral and Written Language: A Cognitive Perspective","author":"Lorch E. P.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000228752.79990.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2005.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639408402637"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0130-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0206-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820210136269","article-title":"Inferential processing and story recall in children with communication problems: a comparison of specific language impairment, pragmatic language impairment and high\u2010functioning autism","volume":"37","author":"Norbury C. F.","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000712606X117649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.29.3.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Precursors of Functional Literacy","author":"Perfetti C. A.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","unstructured":"Posserud M. Lundervold A. J. Gillberg C.Validation of the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire in a total population sample.Journal of Autism and Other Developmental Disorders. Forthcoming."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","volume-title":"Stavning L, M","author":"Rockberg S.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1469004703074003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"398","volume-title":"Handbook of Language and Literacy","author":"Westby C.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940003300206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2006.00509.x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Language &amp; Communication Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.3109%2F13682820902745438","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3109\/13682820902745438","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T20:26:27Z","timestamp":1697401587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.3109\/13682820902745438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3109\/13682820902745438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/13682820902745438","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-2822","1460-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-2822","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-12-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}