{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:47:28Z","timestamp":1774439248154,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Background: Little has been reported about the biologic effect of shock waves on human normal or pathologic tendon tissue. We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokine and MMP production would be down-regulated by shock wave stimulation. Materials and Methods: Diseased Achilles tendon tissue and healthy flexor hallucis longus tissue were used. Shock wave treatment was applied to cultured cells at 0.17 mJ\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>energy 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 times. Results: A dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was noted in cells receiving 1000 and 2000 shocks (86.0 \u00b1 5.6%, p = 0.01 and 72.4 \u00b1 8.9%, p = 0.001) as compared with the normal control. Cell count in the 500-shock group increased by 23.4% as compared with the control ( p = 0.05). The concentration of MMP 1, 2, and 13 was higher in diseased tenocytes as compared with normal cells ( p = 0.04, all comparisons). IL-6 levels were higher in the diseased tenocytes as compared with normal tenocytes (44.10 \u00b1 16.72 versus 0.21 \u00b1 0.55 ng\/ml, ( p &lt; 0.05). IL-1 levels in normal cells increased (2.24 \u00b1 5.02 ng\/ml to 9.31 \u00b1 6.85 ng\/ml) after shock wave treatment ( p = 0.04). In diseased tenocytes, levels of MMP-1 (1.12 \u00b1 0.23 to 0.75 \u00b1 0.24 ng\/ml; p = 0.04) and MMP-13 (1.43 \u00b1 0.11 to 0.80 \u00b1 0.15 ng\/ml; p = 0.04) were significantly decreased after shock wave treatment. The IL-6 level in diseased tenocytes was decreased (44.10 \u00b1 16.72 to 14.66 \u00b1 9.49 ng\/ml) after shock wave treatment ( p = 0.04). Conclusion: Higher levels of MMPs and ILs were found in human tendinopathy-affected tenocytes as compared with normal cells. ESWT decreased the expression of several MMPs and ILs. Clinical Relevance: This mechanism may play an important role in shock wave treatment of tendinopathy clinically. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3113\/fai-2009-0093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,4]],"date-time":"2015-12-04T18:59:28Z","timestamp":1449255568000},"page":"93-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["<i>J. Leonard Goldner Award 2008<\/i>: Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Cultured Tenocytes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Seung Hwan","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea"},{"name":"Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"},{"name":"Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory P.","family":"Guyton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brent G.","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Courneya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lew C.","family":"Schon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(03)00107-4"},{"key":"bibr2-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00075-4"},{"key":"bibr3-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.11.002"},{"key":"bibr4-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2003.10.013"},{"key":"bibr5-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(00)00156-8"},{"key":"bibr6-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505281810"},{"key":"bibr7-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.19.2573"},{"key":"bibr8-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0150"},{"key":"bibr9-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.03.023"},{"key":"bibr10-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20008"},{"key":"bibr11-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00003-1"},{"key":"bibr12-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760100013"},{"key":"bibr13-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670710015058"},{"key":"bibr14-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670100217"},{"key":"bibr15-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0278-4"},{"key":"bibr16-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(99)00004-4"},{"key":"bibr17-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10534"},{"key":"bibr18-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00141-9"},{"key":"bibr19-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.5654"},{"key":"bibr20-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B3.11609"},{"key":"bibr21-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040121"},{"key":"bibr22-10.3113_FAI-2009-0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.52.2.151"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; 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