{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:53:46Z","timestamp":1785776026825,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p> A recent study found nonweightbearing stretching exercises specific to the plantar fascia to be superior to the standard program of weightbearing Achilles tendon-stretching exercises in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. The present study used a cadaver model to demonstrate the influence of foot and ankle position on stretching of the plantar fascia. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Twelve fresh-frozen lower-leg specimens were tested in 15 different configurations representing various combinations of ankle and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint dorsiflexion, midtarsal transverse plane abduction and adduction, and forefoot varus and valgus. Measurements were recorded by a differential variable reluctance transducer (DVRT) implanted into the medial band of the plantar fascia, and primary measurement was a percent deformation of the plantar fascia (stretch) with respect to a reference position (90 degrees ankle dorsiflexion, 0 degrees midtarsal and forefoot orientation, and 0 degrees MTP dorsiflexion). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Ankle and MTP joint dorsiflexion produced a significant increase (14.91%) in stretch compared to the position of either ankle dorsiflexion alone (9.31% increase, p &lt; 0.001) or MTP dorsiflexion alone (7.33% increase, p &lt; 0.01). There was no significant increase in stretch with positions of abduction or varus (2.49%, p = 0.27 and 0.55%, p = 0.79). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> This study provides a mechanical explanation for enhanced outcomes in recent clinical trials using plantar fascia tissue-specific stretching exercises and lends support to the use of ankle and MTP joint dorsiflexion when employing stretching protocols for nonoperative treatment in patients with chronic proximal plantar fasciitis. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3113\/fai.2007.0815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,7]],"date-time":"2007-08-07T14:32:19Z","timestamp":1186497139000},"page":"815-822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Influence of Foot Position on Stretching of the Plantar Fascia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Flanigan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Nawoczenski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Foot and Ankle Research, Department of Physical Therapy, Ithaca College-Rochester Campus, Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hulin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedict F.","family":"DiGiovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp032745"},{"key":"bibr2-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070002100104"},{"key":"bibr3-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.09.016"},{"key":"bibr4-FAI.2007.0815","first-page":"974","volume":"38","author":"Crawford F","year":"1999","journal-title":"A randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology"},{"key":"bibr5-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401501002"},{"key":"bibr6-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200307000-00013"},{"key":"bibr7-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400307"},{"key":"bibr8-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079601700903"},{"key":"bibr9-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401501007"},{"key":"bibr10-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(96)00019-8"},{"key":"bibr11-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199910000-00005"},{"key":"bibr12-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801901203"},{"key":"bibr13-FAI.2007.0815","volume-title":"Measurement of Joint Motion: A Guide to Goniometry.","author":"Norkin C.C.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr14-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200410000-00013"},{"key":"bibr15-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902000402"},{"key":"bibr16-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801900103"},{"key":"bibr17-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199911000-00023"},{"key":"bibr18-FAI.2007.0815","first-page":"185","volume":"266","author":"Schepsis AA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Etiology, treatment, surgical results, and review of the literature. Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"bibr19-FAI.2007.0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500303"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3113\/FAI.2007.0815","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3113\/FAI.2007.0815","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3113\/FAI.2007.0815","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T15:35:50Z","timestamp":1741620950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3113\/FAI.2007.0815"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3113\/FAI.2007.0815"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3113\/fai.2007.0815","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-1007","1944-7876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-7876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}}}