{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:12:06Z","timestamp":1775038326240,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Background: Topical glyceryl trinitrate treatment has demonstrated short-term efficacy in chronic noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy. No long-term followup is reported. We aimed to assess if the demonstrated efficacy of this treatment persisted 3 years after discontinuation of therapy. Methods: A followup study of 52 patients (68 tendons) treated with 6 months of glyceryl trinitrate therapy or placebo was performed 3 years after cessation of therapy. Assessment included pain scores, return to previous activity, the Victorian Institute of Sport Achilles tendon scale (VISA-A), asymptomatic patient outcomes, clinical assessment of tendon tenderness, and functional hop test. Results: Patients treated with topical glyceryl trinitrate had significantly less Achilles tendon tenderness ( p = 0.03), and improved VISA-A scores ( p = 0.04) than those in the placebo group; 88% (28 of 32 tendons) of patients were completely asymptomatic at 3 years (VISA-A score of 100) compared to 67% (24 of 36 tendons) of patients treated with rehabilitation alone (p = 0.03 with Chi square analysis). Other outcome measures showed nonsignificant trends towards improvement in the glyceryl trinitrate group (pain scores p = 0.07, functional hop test p = 0.07, and return to sport p = 0.16). The mean estimated effect size for all outcome measures was 0.21. Conclusions: Topical glyceryl trinitrate treatment has demonstrated efficacy in treating chronic noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy, and the treatment benefits continue at 3 years. Significant differences in asymptomatic patient outcomes for the glyceryl trinitrate group continue at 3 years, and this is confirmed by the effect size estimate. This suggests that the mechanism of action of topical glyceryl trinitrate on chronic tendinopathies is more than an analgesic effect. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3113\/fai.2007.1064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,8]],"date-time":"2007-10-08T20:07:59Z","timestamp":1191874079000},"page":"1064-1068","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Three-year Followup Study of Topical Glyceryl Trinitrate Treatment of Chronic Noninsertional Achilles Tendinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Justin Alan","family":"Paoloni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George A.C.","family":"Murrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-FAI.2007.1064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00038-4"},{"key":"bibr2-FAI.2007.1064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(96)03021-7"},{"key":"bibr3-FAI.2007.1064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232130-00004"},{"key":"bibr4-FAI.2007.1064","first-page":"64","volume":"22","author":"DaCruz D","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. 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