{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:00:09Z","timestamp":1787025609429,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgery is frequently considered an option for refractory, symptomatic noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy. Gastrocnemius equinus can result in mechanical overload of the Achilles tendon and may be a factor in its etiology. Our hypothesis was that reducing load transmission to the Achilles tendon by gastrocnemius lengthening (Strayer procedure) may be an effective treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"materials|methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective case series of all patients with a minimum 1-year symptomatic nonin-sertional Achilles tendinopathy who underwent gastrocnemius lengthening was evaluated before surgery, and at 1 and 2 years after surgery. There were 14 patients (17 tendons).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One year after surgery, the median American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot score was 100 points, as compared to 71 points preoperatively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). The median total Foot Function Index (FFI) decreased significantly from 39 to 12 points at 1 year (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and remained stable (12 points) at 2 years. An electronic goniometer recorded a mean gain in ankle dorsiflexion of 13 degrees. At 1 year after surgery the MRI in all eight patients (ten tendons) with a preoperative MRI demonstrated a decrease in signal hyperintensity and tendon size, signifying an improvement of the tendinopathy. At 2 years after surgery, patient satisfaction assessment revealed that all but one patient was satisfied with the result and 11 of the 14 (79%) patients were able to resume their previous sporting activities. There were no complications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastrocne-mius lengthening was an effective treatment for chronic Achilles noninsertional tendinopathy. Two-year results show good to excellent clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Level of Evidence: Level IV, Prospective Case Series<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3113\/fai.2011.0375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]],"date-time":"2011-07-18T13:15:40Z","timestamp":1310994940000},"page":"375-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Noninsertional Achilles Tendinopathy Treated with Gastrocnemius Lengthening"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Victoria B.","family":"Duthon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Lubbeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain R.","family":"Duc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Assal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(03)00010-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152507780363232"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"Assessment of an electronic goniometer designed to measure equinus contracture","volume":"40","author":"Assal M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Assal M, Shofer JB, Rohr E, : Assessment of an electronic goniometer designed to measure equinus contracture. 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