{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T06:04:03Z","timestamp":1769580243217,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot Ankle Int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The rigid equinovarus foot deformity is a challenging condition treated by the orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeon. Rapid surgical correction of the deformity may lead to skin and neurologic complications. Gradual correction of the deformity with a multiplanar external fixator may decrease these complications. The purpose of this study was to present the results of a group of patients with rigid equinovarus deformities corrected using a multiplanar external fixator. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We retrospectively reviewed the results of correction of a rigid equinovarus deformity using multiplanar external fixation in a small group of patients. All patients underwent open Achilles lengthening, posterior capsule release, tibialis posterior tendon lengthening, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallux longus lengthening, followed by application of a multi-planar external fixator with gradual correction of the deformity over a period of several weeks. Preoperative and postoperative deformity and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores were assessed. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A total of eight rigid equinovarus deformities in six patients were treated with a multiplanar external fixator. The average patient age at the time of surgery was 37.2 (range, 17 to 59 \u00b1 15.0) years. Causes of the deformity included trauma in three patients, traumatic brain injury in two patients, and long-standing rheumatoid arthritis in one patient. The average preoperative AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 28.3 (range, 12 to 38 \u00b1 7.7). The average postoperative AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 68.1 (range 38 to 86 \u00b1 15.5) at an average followup of 71.9 (30 to 120 \u00b1 36.2) weeks. All deformities were gradually corrected to a plantigrade foot using a multiplanar external fixator over an average time of 5 (range, 4 to 6 \u00b1 0.8) weeks. After correction of the deformity, the external fixator was left in place for a time period equal to or twice the length of time it took to achieve correction. The average duration of external fixation was 10.8 (range, 8 to 16 \u00b1 2.8) weeks. Seven of eight deformities maintained correction at final followup. There was one case of recurrence. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Correction of a rigid equinovarus deformity using a multiplanar external fixator was a viable treatment option. It allowed for correction of the deformity in a controlled manner, helping to reduce the risk of neurovascular complications that may result from single stage surgical correction. The risk of wound complications still exists with the correction of such a complex deformity. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3113\/fai.2011.0533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]],"date-time":"2011-07-18T18:52:53Z","timestamp":1311015173000},"page":"533-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Correction of Rigid Equinovarus Deformity Using a Multiplanar External Fixator"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Cuttica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center, Westerville, OH."},{"name":"Center for Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"DeCarbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center, Westerville, OH."},{"name":"The Orthopedic Group, Belle Vernon, PA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terrence M.","family":"Philbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center, Westerville, OH."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bibr1-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(24)00142-6","volume":"5","author":"Botte MJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin."},{"key":"bibr2-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079601700607"},{"key":"bibr3-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199404000-00015","volume":"301","author":"De La Huerta F","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Orthop."},{"key":"bibr4-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B4.3611163"},{"key":"bibr5-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401501005"},{"key":"bibr6-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078700700604"},{"key":"bibr7-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(02)80007-2"},{"key":"bibr8-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2007.01.007"},{"key":"bibr9-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200307"},{"key":"bibr10-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199308000-00014","volume":"293","author":"Paley D","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Orthop."},{"key":"bibr11-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59373-4_18"},{"key":"bibr12-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640008321024."},{"key":"bibr13-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0325"},{"key":"bibr14-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200104"},{"key":"bibr15-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.oto.2006.02.002"},{"key":"bibr16-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199209000-00027","volume":"282","author":"Yamamoto H","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop."},{"key":"bibr17-FAI.2011.0533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200509000-00004"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3113\/FAI.2011.0533","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3113\/FAI.2011.0533","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3113\/FAI.2011.0533","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T13:27:10Z","timestamp":1741613230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3113\/FAI.2011.0533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3113\/FAI.2011.0533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3113\/fai.2011.0533","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-1007","1944-7876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-1007","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-7876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}}}