{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T09:32:45Z","timestamp":1780047165443,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Nepal Journals Online (JOL)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nep J Oph"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is recognized as a major cause of blindness among children in India. Objective: To find out the prevalence of VAD in rural children of Uttar Pradesh, India. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken amongst children (0-15 years) in a rural area of Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh) where the study population was selected by simple random sampling out of villages under a Primary Health Centre. Out of 844 children, 802 participated in the study. The WHO classification of xerophthalmia was used. Results: Overall, the prevalence of xerophthalmia was 5.4 %. The prevalence of Bitot\u2019s spots was 0.9 % in children under six years of age and 3.3 % in children above six years. The prevalence of xerophthalmia was significantly more in older children. Overall, the prevalence of anemia was found to be 11.8 % in the study population. A significantly high prevalence of xerophthalmia (OR= 5.7; 95 % CI = 2.8 - 11.5) was observed in children suffering from anemia. Conclusion: The presence of a milder manifestation of xerophthalmia and a 0.9 % prevalence of Bitot\u2019s spot in children under six years of age in the present study shows a declining trend of VAD although it is still a public health problem. The higher prevalence in children above six years of age shows that apart from strengthening of Vitamin A prophylaxis programs, health education is needed for dietary diversification to include vegetables and fruits in the diet for long-term sustainability in improving the vitamin A status of children of all age groups. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(10): 226-229 DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3126\/nepjoph.v5i2.8733<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3126\/nepjoph.v5i2.8733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,26]],"date-time":"2013-09-26T03:58:39Z","timestamp":1380167919000},"page":"226-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence and determinants of xerophthalmia in rural children of Uttarpradesh, India"],"prefix":"10.3126","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"VK","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dr","family":"Dharmendra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1670","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,25]]},"container-title":["Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nepjol.info\/index.php\/NEPJOPH\/article\/download\/8733\/7133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nepjol.info\/index.php\/NEPJOPH\/article\/download\/8733\/7133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T12:01:49Z","timestamp":1545998509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nepjol.info\/index.php\/NEPJOPH\/article\/view\/8733"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,25]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3126\/nepjoph.v5i2.8733","relation":{},"ISSN":["2091-0320","2072-6805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2091-0320","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2072-6805","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,25]]}}}