{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:55:21Z","timestamp":1789646121516,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Czech Society of Ophthalmology of the CzMA","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CSO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Botulinum toxin type A (BT-A) is used in the treatment of neuroophthalmologic disorders such as essential blepharospasm and facial hemispasm for more than 20 years. Although the long-term effect of repeated application of the BT-A was confirmed, the BT-A effect on tears production and retention is not clear. In our work we investigated whether applied BT-A in patients with blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm affect tears production. Tears quality was measured with Schirmer\u2019s and tear osmolarity test during neuro-ophthalmologic diseases treatment, which was evaluated before and 14 days after application of BT-A (Botox inj, Allergan, Irvine, USA) into the orbicularis oculi muscle. BT-A doses of 16-18 U with unilateral and 32 to 36 U bilateral applications were used.\n\nThe mean tear production in Schirmer\u2019s test before BT-A application was 8.38 \u00b1 0.63 mm, and 2 weeks after BT-A application was 7.12 \u00b1 0,6 mm (n = 50). Tear osmolarity was 305.4 \u00b1 9.2 mOsm before BT-A application, and 2 weeks after BT-A application it was 305.2 \u00b1 8,6 mOsm (n = 13). We found significant difference between two groups in tear quantity (p &lt; 0.012), but not quality (p &gt; 0.05). Application of the BT-A reduced the amount of tears measured by Schirmer\u2019s test. These results confirm rational basis of the empirical clinical experience where an artificial tears substitution is recommended for patients with neuro-ophthalmologic disorders treated by BT-A.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31348\/2019\/2\/3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T09:18:39Z","timestamp":1599643119000},"page":"74-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effect of Botulinum TOxin Application if Neuro-Ophthalmological Indications on the Results of Schirmer\u2019s Test and Tear Osmolarity"],"prefix":"10.31348","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"\u017diak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juraj","family":"Hali\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol\u00edna","family":"Kapit\u00e1nov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Premium Clinic, Teplice"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16213","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, R., Huang, R., Li, K., et al.: The influence of benign essential blepharospasm on dry eye disease and ocular inflammation. 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