{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T22:49:56Z","timestamp":1788648596527,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Czech Society of Ophthalmology of the CzMA","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CSO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The importance of vitamin D3 (hydroxycholecalciferol) as one of the liposoluble vitamins is known in the prevention and treatment of metabolic bone diseases (rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis). In recent years, however, information has increased on the importance of vitamin D3 in numerous organ systems and in the pathogenesis of various diseases, e. g. ophthalmopathies. The immunological functions of vitamin D3 are the subject of studies dealing with autoimmune optic nerve disorders and their results appear to have a\u00a0positive effect on demyelinating diseases. It also plays an important role in maintaining the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, but its additional administration has not been successful. Optical neuritis may be the first sign of multiple sclerosis. It appears that sufficient serum vitamin D3 levels may protect patients from deterioration in the form of a\u00a0further attack of demyelination. The course of diabetic retinopathy is probably also influenced by vitamin D3, inter alia, by correlating the fact that its receptor and the enzymes of its metabolism are expressed on the retina. Low serum levels of vitamin D3 may even trigger age-related macular degeneration. Conversely, higher dietary intake of vitamin D3 may positively affect neovascularization. The optimal level of hydroxycholecalciferol is between 60 and 200 nmol \/l, the severe deficit represents a\u00a0decrease below 25 nmol\/l. The body can normally produce up to 10,000 IU of this vitamin after exposure to sunlight. However, the demonstration of its protective character in connection with the mentioned diseases of the retina and optic nerve will require a\u00a0sufficient number of studies to confirm the facts found so far about this rediscovered vitamin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31348\/2021\/31","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T15:57:46Z","timestamp":1671638266000},"page":"153-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vitamin D and Ophthalmolopathies. A Review"],"prefix":"10.31348","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Hribov\u00e1","family":"Paul\u00edna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0160tefan","family":"Sotak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16213","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"1.\tJackuliak P. Pleiotropn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky vitam\u00ednu D. MEDICUS news. 2019;1(3):49-52. Slovak."},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"2.\tJackuliak P. Pleiotropn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky vitam\u00ednu D. Lek\u00e1rnick\u00e9 listy. 2020;22(2):38-39. Slovak."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"3.\t\u0160terzl I. Vliv vitaminu D na imunitn\u00ed mechanismy. Intern\u00ed Med. 2014;16(3):110-112. Czech."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"4.\tLaz\u00farov\u00e1 I, Figurov\u00e1 J, Draveck\u00e1 I. Vitam\u00edn D a syndr\u00f3m polycystick\u00fdch ov\u00e1ri\u00ed. 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IOVS. 2015;56:6433-6437.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-16872"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"11.\tSalari M, Janghorbani M, Etemadifar M, Dehghani A, Razmjoo H, Naderian G. Effects of vitamin D on retinal nerve fiber layer in vitamin D deficient patients with optic neuritis: Preliminary findings of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Res Med Sci. 2015;4:372-378."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"12.\tDerakshandi H, Etemadifar M, Feizi A et al. Preventive effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on conversion of optic neuritis to clinically definite multiple sclerosis: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial. Acta Neurol Belg. 2013;113:257-263.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-012-0166-2"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"13.\tMiclea A, Bagnoud M, Chan A, Hoepner R. A brief review of the effects of vitamin D on multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2020;11:781.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00781"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"14.\tZhang J, Upala S, Sanguankeo A. Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis. Can J Ophthalmol. 2017;52(S1):S39-44.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2017.09.026"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"15.\tSkowron, K, Pawlicka I, Gil K. The role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. Folia Med Cracov. 2018;58(2):103-118."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"16.\tLu L, Lu Q, Chen W, Li J, Li C, Zheng Z. Vitamin D3 protects against diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting high-glucose-induced activation of the ROS\/TXNIP\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway [internet]. J Diab Res; 2018. [cited 2020 Dec 05]. 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