{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T04:06:47Z","timestamp":1748059607035,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cartographica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In the second half of the twentieth century, the Soviet school of cartographic thought offered an alternative theoretical framework for cartography. Konstantin Salishchev, the school\u2019s founder, was a prominent leader of the International Cartographic Association who debated against the communication paradigm widely accepted by Western scholars. The reason was the widespread adoption of the Marxism-Leninism ideology by Soviet geographers and cartographers. The concept of \u201cmap as a model of reality\u201d was a key idea of the Soviet school. It was aligned with Lenin\u2019s reflection theory and the practical demand for high-quantity map production. Having dialectic materialism at its core, Marxism-Leninism imposed the principle of non-reductionism on Soviet science, which led to the rejection of the cartographic communication paradigm. An analysis of the proceedings of the International Cartographic Conference of 1976 and 1980 brought evidence of the underrepresentation of user study research within the Soviet school. Although several other theoreticians of cartography opposed Salishchev (cartographic dissidents), they did not change the school of thought. The successors of Salishchev \u201cinherited\u201d the school, also applying a cognitive paradigm to geoinformation science and remote sensing. Due to the lack of cartographic communication research, adopting the geovisualization paradigm seems challenging in contemporary Russia. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/cart-2023-0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T12:08:38Z","timestamp":1748002118000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Revisiting Schools of Cartographic Thought: The Soviet School and Marxism-Leninism"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0453-3491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olesia","family":"Ignateva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts, Languages and Cultures \/ The University of Manchester \/ Manchester \/ United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0339-3017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislav","family":"Ronzhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation \/ Universiteit Twente \/ Enschede \/ Overijssel \/ The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8605-0484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menno-Jan","family":"Kraak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation \/ Universiteit Twente \/ Enschede \/ Overijssel \/ The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38893-4","volume-title":"Paradigms in Cartography","author":"Az\u00f3car","year":"2014"},{"key":"r2","volume-title":"Obraz Prostranstva: Karta i informatsiia [Image of Space: A Map and Information","author":"Berlyant A.M.","year":"1986"},{"issue":"4","key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/07493878.1994.10641973","volume":"31","author":"Berlyant A.M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"r4","volume-title":"Osnovy teorii proektirovaniia sistem kartograficheskikh znakov [Theory of Designing Systems of Cartographic Sign","author":"Bocharov M.K.","year":"1966"},{"issue":"2","key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0033-0124.1963.001_w.x","volume":"15","author":"Chappell J.E.","year":"1963","journal-title":"The Professional Geographer"},{"key":"r6","volume-title":"Mapping: A Critical Introduction to Cartography and GIS","author":"Crampton J.W.","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2307\/209770","volume":"28","author":"Cressey G.B.","year":"1938","journal-title":"Geographical Review"},{"key":"r8","volume-title":"Geografiia: ee istoriia, sushchnost\u2019 i metody [Geography: Its History, Essence and Methods]","author":"Gettner A.","year":"1930"},{"key":"r9","volume-title":"Science in Russia and the Soviet Union: A Short History","author":"Graham L. 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