{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T04:16:00Z","timestamp":1741925760650,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cartographica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> To date, few studies on the Battle of Hastings, one of the most important battles in European history, have presented historical maps depicting the campaign area at the time in detail. As an example of where maps can contribute to our knowledge on the battle\/campaign, this article examines the pre-battle Norman landing site and associated land uses around eleventh-century Pevensey by combining information from earlier maps with environmental studies and a discussion of ships. From its findings, researchers can gain an idea not only of how the landscape appeared but also of what choices were available at the time. Historical maps such as those reviewed in this study provide excellent insight into the geographic details as they pertain to the Norman Conquest and the Battle of Hastings. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/cart.53.2.2017-0001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T21:32:01Z","timestamp":1532554321000},"page":"75-85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mapping the Pevensey Area Back to 1066: The Historical Environmental Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Macdonald Hewitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography\u00a0\/ Western University\u00a0\/ London\u00a0\/ ON\u00a0\/ Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"volume-title":"Maps: Finding Our Place in the World","year":"1997","author":"Akerman James R.","key":"B1"},{"issue":"4","key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7878(75)80057-5","volume":"86","author":"Allen P.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Geologists' Association"},{"volume-title":"The Penguin Concise English Dictionary","year":"2002","author":"Allen Robert","key":"B3"},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Anonymous. 1576. A Coloured Chart of the Course of the Rivers Thames and Medway, and of the Coasts of Kent and Sussex to Shoreham, with an Account of the Tides. Cotton Augustus I.i f.17. The British Library Board. http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/onlinegallery\/onlineex\/unvbrit\/a\/001cotaugi00001u00017000.html"},{"issue":"3","key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.2307\/3104851","volume":"26","author":"Bachrach Bernard S.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Technology and Culture"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"5","volume":"53","author":"Ballard A.","year":"1910","journal-title":"Sussex Archaeological Collections"},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"Sussex Historic Landscape Characterisation","volume":"2","author":"Bannister Nicola R.","year":"2010"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Coastal Geomorphology: An Introduction","author":"Bird Eric.","year":"2008","edition":"2"},{"key":"B9","volume-title":"Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils","author":"Brady Nyle C.","year":"2004","edition":"2"},{"volume-title":"The Sussex Landscape","year":"1974","author":"Brandon Peter.","key":"B10"},{"key":"B11","unstructured":"British Library. 2016. Available at http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/onlinegallery\/index.html"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Anglo-Norman Studies","author":"Brown R. Allen.","year":"1981"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"Cranfeld University. 2012. LandIS \u2013 Land Information System \u2013 National Soil Map \u2013 NATMAP Soilscapes. Available at http:\/\/www.landis.org.uk\/data\/nmsoilscapes.cfm"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/actrade\/9780198205531.book.1","volume-title":"The Gesta Guillelmi of William of Poitiers","author":"Davis R.H.C.","year":"1998"},{"volume-title":"English Maps: A History","year":"1999","author":"Delano-Smith Catherine","key":"B15"},{"key":"B16","first-page":"26","volume":"104","author":"Dulley A.J.F.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Sussex Archaeological Collections"},{"key":"B17","unstructured":"East Sussex County Council. 2013. East Sussex Historical Environment Record. Lewes: East Sussex County Council"},{"key":"B18","unstructured":"Espenak, Fred. 2014. Phases of the Moon: 1001 to 1100. Available at http:\/\/astropixels.com\/ephemeris\/phasescat\/phases1001.html"},{"key":"B19","unstructured":"Fontana, Dominic. 2000. Old Sussex Mapped: Two Centuries of Sussex County Maps. Available at http:\/\/www.envf.port.ac.uk\/geo\/research\/historical\/webmap\/sussexmap\/sussex.html"},{"issue":"2","key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.2307\/2802384","volume":"20","author":"Frake Charles O.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Man"},{"volume-title":"Hastings and Dungeness Sheet 320\/321: Solid and Drift Edition","year":"1980","author":"Geological Survey of Great Britain","key":"B21"},{"volume-title":"Lewes and Eastbourne Sheet 319\/334: Bedrock and Superficial Deposits","year":"2006","author":"Geological Survey of Great Britain","key":"B22"},{"key":"B23","first-page":"114","volume-title":"The Battle of Hastings: Sources and Interpretations","author":"Gillmor Carol.","year":"1996"},{"key":"B24","unstructured":"Gough Map. n.d. MS. Gough Gen. Top. 16. Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford. http:\/\/www.goughmap.org\/"},{"key":"B25","unstructured":"Hastings Borough Council. 2014. Tide Tables for Hastings. Available at http:\/\/www.hastings.gov.uk\/community_living\/tide_tables\/"},{"volume-title":"The Making of the English Landscape","year":"1977","author":"Hoskins W.G.","key":"B26"},{"issue":"230","key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2281.2012.00602.x","volume":"85","author":"Hughes P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Historical Research"},{"volume-title":"The Norman Conquest: A New Introduction","year":"2009","author":"Huscroft R.","key":"B28"},{"volume-title":"Medieval Ships and Shipping","year":"1994","author":"Hutchinson Gillian.","key":"B29"},{"issue":"1","key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6611(87)90034-6","volume":"18","author":"Jennings S.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Progress in Oceanography"},{"issue":"3","key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7878(08)80006-5","volume":"101","author":"Jennings S.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Geologists' Association"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"407","volume-title":"The Domesday Geography of South-East England","author":"King S.H.","year":"1962"},{"volume-title":"The Galleon: The Great Ships of the Armada Era","year":"1990","author":"Kirsch Peter.","key":"B33"},{"issue":"4458","key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1126\/science.209.4458.776","volume":"209","author":"Kraft John C.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2003)031<0163:HAAATS>2.0.CO;2","volume":"31","author":"Kraft John C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geology"},{"volume-title":"Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources","year":"1975","author":"Latham R.E.","key":"B36"},{"volume-title":"The Battle of Hastings: 1066","year":"2003","author":"Lawson M.K.","key":"B37"},{"volume-title":"The Field of Hastings","year":"1970","author":"Lemmon Charles H.","key":"B38"},{"issue":"1","key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/03085690802456228","volume":"61","author":"Lilley Keith D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Imago Mundi"},{"issue":"1","key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/00045600802224638","volume":"99","author":"Lloyd Christopher D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers"},{"key":"B41","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Dungeness and Romney Marsh: Barrier Dynamics and Marshland Evolution","author":"Long Anthony J.","year":"2007"},{"volume-title":"A Survey of the Coast of Sussex, made in 1587 with a view to its defense against Foreign Invasion and especially against the Spanish Armada surveyed by T. Palmer and W. Covert","year":"1870","author":"Lower Mark Antony.","key":"B42"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lunar Calendar. 2014. Moon phase for 12 July 2014 Saturday. Available at http:\/\/lunaf.com\/lunar-calendar\/2014\/07\/12\/","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3747(14)70194-0"},{"key":"B44","unstructured":"Marshall, John. 1555. Tide Tables. Royal 17. A.II f.11. The British Library Board. Available at http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/onlinegallery\/onlineex\/unvbrit\/t\/001roy000017a02u00011000.html"},{"key":"B45","volume-title":"The Spanish Armada","author":"Martin Colin","year":"1999","edition":"2"},{"volume-title":"The Defeat of the Spanish Armada","year":"1959","author":"Mattingly Garrett.","key":"B46"},{"issue":"1","key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/01433768.1986.10594399","volume":"8","author":"Moffat Brian.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Landscape History: Journal of the Society for Landscape Studies"},{"key":"B48","unstructured":"Morden, Robert. 1695. Sussex by Robert Morden. Camden's Britanniae, newly translated into English. Published by Edmund Gibson. London, A. Swalle and A. & J. Churchill. PM106, Sussex County Record Society. Available at http:\/\/www.envf.port.ac.uk\/geo\/research\/historical\/webmap\/sussexmap\/morden106.htm"},{"key":"B49","unstructured":"Natural Environment Research Council. 2016. British Geologic Survey. Available at https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/discoveringGeology\/geologyOfBritain\/viewer.html"},{"key":"B50","first-page":"221","author":"Neumann J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anglo-Norman Studies"},{"key":"B51","unstructured":"Ordnance Survey. 2012. Maps of Britain from Ordnance Survey. Available at http:\/\/www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk\/oswebsite\/index.html. Accessed February 2012"},{"key":"B52","unstructured":"Palmer, Sir Thomas, and Walter Coverte. 1578. Survey of the Sussex Cost, from Barnham Mills to Rye. Add MS 57494. The British Library Board. Available at http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/onlinegallery\/onlineex\/unvbrit\/s\/001add000057494u00013000.html"},{"volume-title":"The Transformation of Coastal Wetlands: Exploitation and Management of Marshland Landscapes in North West Europe during the Roman and Medieval Periods","year":"2000","author":"Rippon Stephen.","key":"B53"},{"volume-title":"Historic Landscape Analysis: Deciphering the Countryside","year":"2004","author":"Rippon Stephen.","key":"B54"},{"key":"B55","first-page":"32","volume":"53","author":"Salzmann L.F.","year":"1910","journal-title":"Sussex Archaeological Collections"},{"key":"B56","unstructured":"Saxton, Christopher. 1579. CANTII, Southsexiae, Surriae et Middlesexiae comitat. Maps.C.7.c.1 Sheet 11. The British Library Board. Available at http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/onlinegallery\/onlineex\/unvbrit\/c\/001map00000c7c1u00011000.html"},{"issue":"4","key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0951-8312(88)90015-X","volume":"11","author":"Smyth C.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ocean and Shoreline Management"},{"key":"B58","unstructured":"Speed, John. 1610. Sussex Described and divided into Rapes with the situation of Chichester the chiefe citie thereof. And the arms of such Nobles as have bene dignified with the title of Earles since the conquest and other accidents therein observed. In The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine: Presenting an Exact Geography of the Kingdoms of England, Scotland and the Iles Adjoining: with the Shrines, Hundreds, Cities and Shire-Towns within ye Kingdom of England, Divided and Described by John Speed. London: John Sudbury and George Humble. PM118, Sussex County Record Society. Available at http:\/\/www.envf.port.ac.uk\/geo\/research\/historical\/webmap\/sussexmap\/speed.htm"},{"key":"B59","volume-title":"The Bayeux Tapestry: A Comprehensive Survey","author":"Stenton Frank M.","year":"1965","edition":"2"},{"volume-title":"The Ship in the Medieval Economy, 600\u20131600","year":"1980","author":"Unger Richard W.","key":"B60"},{"key":"B61","volume-title":"The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumi\u00e8ges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni","volume":"2","author":"Van Houts Elisabeth M.C.","year":"1995"},{"volume-title":"Boats of the Viking Ship Museum","year":"2013","author":"Vinner Max.","key":"B62"},{"key":"B63","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Romney Marsh: Persistence and Change in a Coastal Lowland","author":"Waller Martyn","year":"2010"},{"volume-title":"The English Channel: A History","year":"1959","author":"Williamson James A.","key":"B64"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1017\/S0079497X00006319","volume":"53","author":"Williamson Tom.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society"}],"container-title":["Cartographica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3138\/cart.53.2.2017-0001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T10:44:00Z","timestamp":1741862640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/10.3138\/cart.53.2.2017-0001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3138\/cart.53.2.2017-0001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/cart.53.2.2017-0001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0317-7173","1911-9925"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0317-7173"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1911-9925"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}}}