{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T04:16:00Z","timestamp":1741925760837,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cartographica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The contemporary educational environment raises questions about the effectiveness of online courses, particularly as compared with traditional classroom learning and in relation to individual student needs, perceptions, and learning outcomes. This study is designed to determine if an online or traditional environment is better for learning cartographic generalization techniques. A prevailing thought is that it is often through conversation, discourse, discussion, and debate among students and between instructors and students that a new concept is clarified. I researched learning effectiveness, with the objectives of determining which methods are best for specific generalization techniques and also if students learn the techniques better from an online or in-class lecture. The goal is to assess student feedback, lab scores, and test scores to determine if these techniques enhance learning, as well as retention of the subject matter. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/cart.53.2.2017-0015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T21:32:01Z","timestamp":1532554321000},"page":"107-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating Online and Traditional Learning Environments Using Cartographic Generalization Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Jared L.","family":"Ware","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering\u00a0\/ United States Military Academy\u00a0\/ West Point\u00a0\/ NY\u00a0\/ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1080\/09500690802582241","volume":"32","author":"Bell T.","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Science Education"},{"volume-title":"Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I: The Cognitive Domain","year":"2010","author":"Bloom B.S.","key":"B2"},{"volume-title":"E-Learning and the Science of Instruction","year":"2003","author":"Clark R.C.","key":"B3"},{"issue":"4","key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1559\/152304092783721295","volume":"19","author":"DiBiase D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cartography and Geographic Information Systems"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/carto.44.3.139"},{"issue":"3","key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1080\/15230406.2015.1072737","volume":"43","author":"Gould N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3138\/carto.44.3.171","volume":"44","author":"Hegarty M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cartographica"},{"issue":"5","key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1080\/00045608.2011.577364","volume":"101","author":"Klippel A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers"},{"issue":"4","key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810600607550","volume":"20","author":"Koua E.L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"200","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Cartography and GIS","author":"Kram\u00e1rekov\u00e1 H.","year":"2016"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Information Communication Technologies in Education","author":"Krumsvik R.","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8","key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1080\/136588199241003","volume":"13","author":"Mark D.M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science"},{"volume-title":"Generalization in Digital Cartography","year":"1992","author":"McMaster R.B.","key":"B13"},{"issue":"6","key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/136588100415710","volume":"14","author":"Mennis J.L.","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1559\/152304002782008503","volume":"29","author":"Montello D.R.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cartography and Geographic Information Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/00087041.2015.1119459","volume":"52","author":"Ory J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cartographic Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"B17","first-page":"55","volume":"20","author":"Quigley C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science Educator"},{"issue":"2","key":"B18","first-page":"318","volume":"6","author":"Shachar M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Merlot Journal of Online Learning and Teaching"},{"issue":"1","key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1559\/152304001782173998","volume":"28","author":"Slocum T.A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cartography and Geographic Information Systems"},{"key":"B20","unstructured":"University of Washington. January 2013. \u201cExploring the Pros and Cons of Online, Hybrid, and Face-to-Face Class Formats.\u201d Leading Change in Public Higher Education \u2013 A Provost Report Series: 1\u20136"},{"volume-title":"Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies","year":"2010","author":"US Department of Education, Office of Planning, Evaluation, and Policy Development","key":"B21"}],"container-title":["Cartographica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3138\/cart.53.2.2017-0015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T10:44:33Z","timestamp":1741862673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/10.3138\/cart.53.2.2017-0015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3138\/cart.53.2.2017-0015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/cart.53.2.2017-0015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0317-7173","1911-9925"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0317-7173"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1911-9925"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}}}