{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:26:31Z","timestamp":1789140391541,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Liver Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In 2016, Canada signed on to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2030 hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease elimination targets. Most of Canada\u2019s HCV disease burden is among five disproportionately affected population groups: 1 ) Baby boomers, who are at increased risk of dying from decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and for whom one-time screening should be recommended to identify those undiagnosed; 2 ) People who inject drugs (PWID), whose mortality risks include HCV infection, HCV acquisition risks and co-morbid conditions. While HCV infection in PWID can be effectively cured with direct-acting antivirals, premature deaths from acquisition risks, now exacerbated by Canada\u2019s opioid crisis, will need to be addressed to achieve the full benefits of curative treatment. PWID require syndemic-based solutions (harm reduction, addictions and mental health support, and management of co-infections, including HIV); 3 ) Indigenous populations who will require wellness-based health promotion, prevention, care and treatment designed by Indigenous people to address their underlying health disparities; 4 ) Immigrants who will require culturally designed and linguistically appropriate services to enhance screening and engagement into care; and ( 5 ) For those incarcerated because of drug-related crimes, decriminalization and better access to harm reduction could help reduce the impact of HCV infections and premature mortality. A comprehensive prevention, care and treatment framework is needed for Canada\u2019s vulnerable populations, including those co-infected with HIV, if we are to achieve the WHO HCV elimination targets by 2030. The aim of this review is to describe the HCV epidemic in the Canadian context. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/canlivj.2018-0011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T22:27:11Z","timestamp":1544135231000},"page":"218-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Contextualizing Canada\u2019s hepatitis C virus epidemic"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Mel","family":"Krajden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia"},{"name":"Dept. of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrel","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed Z","family":"Janjua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. 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