{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T02:35:02Z","timestamp":1773196502312,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Liver Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a very poor survival rate, especially for those who do not receive a potentially curative therapy. Methods: Treatment details were collected for 320 HCC patients diagnosed in Manitoba between January 2011 and December 2015. Patients had a mean age of 67.3 years, and 71.6% were men. Of these patients, 67 (20.9%) received curative treatment, 36 (11.3%) received non-curative treatment, and 217 (67.8%) received supportive care only; 71.3% of patients had liver cirrhosis. Alcoholic cirrhosis was the most common etiology of chronic liver disease (22.2%). Results: Those who received curative treatment had a significantly lower incidence of portal vein thrombosis and multinodular disease than those in other groups. Patients who received supportive care only had a higher incidence of ascites. We found no difference in the distribution of cirrhosis or portal hypertension among the treatment groups. The 2- and 5-year overall survival rates for the whole cohort were 27% and 14%, respectively. No significant change was found in 2-year survival for patients diagnosed in each year from 2011 to 2015 ( p = 0.250). Also, we found no significant change in proportion of treatment given to patients over the same period ( p = 0.432). Conclusion: The poor survival rate of HCC patients in Manitoba could potentially be improved by maximizing the use of local therapy and by implementing multidisciplinary\u2013based case discussion. Efforts should also be directed toward early management of infective, alcoholic, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which will, we hope, lead to a reduction in the incidence of HCC. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/canlivj.2019-0015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T19:47:02Z","timestamp":1576525622000},"page":"194-202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epidemiology, clinical treatment patterns, and survival of\u00a0hepatocellular carcinoma in Manitoba"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Nikesh","family":"Hanumanthappa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byung Heon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hepatology, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Peretz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hepatology, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Y Minuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maged","family":"Nashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","volume":"68","author":"Bray F","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.061","volume":"142","author":"El-Serag HB","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.11.020","volume":"152","author":"White DL","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"15","key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.7412","volume":"34","author":"Petrick JL","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"r5","volume":"35","author":"Xie L","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Promot Chronic Dis Prevention Can: Res Policy Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-018-0915-0","volume":"37","author":"Tellapuri S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2017.01202","volume":"11","author":"Song P","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"issue":"1","key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28453","volume":"64","author":"Lencioni R","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.09.006","volume":"138","author":"Salem R","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30591","volume":"69","author":"Hara K","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.12.001","volume":"56","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70546-1","volume":"15","author":"De Angelis R","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"r13","unstructured":"13.Canadian Cancer Statistics Advisory Committee. Canadian cancer statistics 2018. 2018. cancer.ca\/Canadian-Cancer-Statistics-2018- EN (Accessed March 2019)."},{"key":"r14","first-page":"325","volume-title":"Cancer in North America: 1999-2003. Vol I: Incidence","author":"North American Association of Central Cancer Registries","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199303000-00002","volume":"31","author":"Roos LL","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"r16","volume-title":"International classification of diseases, 10th revision","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"r17","unstructured":"17.Harrell FE Jr. rms: regression modeling Strategies. R package version 5.1.1. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=rms (Accessed Dec 10, 2019)."},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.09.007","volume":"11","author":"Mancebo A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23187","volume":"50","author":"Nahon P","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"r20","first-page":"477","volume":"156","author":"Sayiner M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"r21","first-page":"447","volume":"156","author":"Kulik L","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"r22","unstructured":"22.Public Health Agency of Canada. Report on hepatitis B and C in Canada. 2014. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/services\/health\/publications\/diseases-conditions\/report-hepatitis-b-c-canada-2014.html#a2.2 (Accessed Jan 2019)."},{"key":"r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-090514-013832","volume":"67","author":"Marengo A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.10.015","volume":"66","author":"Goutt\u00e9 N","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W88","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.15490","volume":"207","author":"Arslanoglu A","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.03.037","volume":"61","author":"Cucchetti A","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29086","volume":"67","author":"Heimbach JK","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1952-x","volume":"27","author":"Singal AG","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.064","volume":"154","author":"Tzartzeva K","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"r30","volume-title":"Canadian cancer statistics 2013","author":"Canadian Cancer Society\u2019s Advisory Committee on Cancer Statistics","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/13651820802356572","volume":"10","author":"Chang TT","year":"2008","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"issue":"1","key":"r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0210730","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210730","volume":"14","author":"Sinn DH","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-013-3413-8","volume":"21","author":"Yopp AC","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"}],"container-title":["Canadian Liver Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3138\/canlivj.2019-0015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T13:51:53Z","timestamp":1741873913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/10.3138\/canlivj.2019-0015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3138\/canlivj.2019-0015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/canlivj.2019-0015","relation":{},"ISSN":["2561-4444","2561-4444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2561-4444","type":"print"},{"value":"2561-4444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}}}