{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:06:07Z","timestamp":1760148367867,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatid disease caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato is an uncommon infection in Canada especially among children. There are limited reports describing the clinical presentation and management in Canadian children. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The medical records of all children diagnosed with CE at a quaternary paediatric centre in Ontario between January 1988 and August 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical course, management, and outcomes of each case were summarized. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We report two paediatric cases of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in detail and review four additional cases seen at our institution over 33.5 years. The first case was a previously healthy 12-year-old boy with pulmonary CE resulting in unilateral lung collapse and mediastinal shift, who was presumedly infected while living in the Middle East. The second case was a previously healthy 3-year-old girl with pulmonary CE acquired locally in southern Ontario. Four other cases of CE with hepatic involvement (median age 12.5 years) were identified during the study period. Five out of six patients received both surgical and medical therapy. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> CE is a rare but serious disease seen in southern Canada that has historically been associated with travel or migration. Due to changes in urban wildlife landscapes and increased global migration, CE may become more prevalent in Canadian children. We describe the first locally acquired case in rural southern Ontario diagnosed at our centre. Prompt recognition of this infection in children by health care providers is important to prevent morbidity and mortality. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3138\/jammi-2022-0041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T09:02:52Z","timestamp":1705482172000},"page":"262-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Canadian children's hospital's experience with cystic echinococcosis over 30 years: A case series"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kescha","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waison","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reto M","family":"Baertschiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar M","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fathima","family":"Razik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin L","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea K","family":"Boggild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaun K","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Centre of Global Child Health, Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.11.001","volume":"114","author":"Brunetti E","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"9392","key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14573-4","volume":"362","author":"McManus DP","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198404000-00007","volume":"199","author":"Langer JC","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1348-9","volume":"14","author":"Ahmed ME","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04199-8","volume":"13","author":"Alvi MA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-34","volume":"5","author":"Somily A","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199204000-00012","volume":"11","author":"Finlay JC","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"3","key":"r8","first-page":"178","volume":"12","author":"Al Saghier M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.11.007","volume":"47","author":"Oral A","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2502.180299","volume":"25","author":"Kotwa JD","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1814975","volume":"381","author":"Massolo A","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80066-X","volume":"30","author":"Frider B","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"r13","first-page":"49","volume":"41","author":"Polat P","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eurasian J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475513493415","volume":"43","author":"\u00c7evik M","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"issue":"8","key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922819847032","volume":"58","author":"Petropoulos AS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"3","key":"r16","first-page":"257","volume":"16","author":"Santivanez S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00225-5","volume":"85","author":"Ortona E","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.1.18-36.2003","volume":"16","author":"Zhang W","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s002680020002","volume":"25","author":"Biava MF","year":"2001","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01689-07","volume":"46","author":"Ben Nouir N","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.6.1557-1561.1992","volume":"30","author":"Verastegui M","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.40.377","volume":"40","author":"Maddison SE","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"r23","first-page":"159","volume":"105","author":"Mercado R","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn la Of Sanit Panam"},{"key":"r24","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Echinococcus and hydatid disease","author":"Lightowlers M","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(96)00642-0","volume":"64","author":"Filice C","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020024","volume":"27","author":"Vuitton DA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"6","key":"r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1998.00257.x","volume":"3","author":"Cobo Y","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3201-y","volume":"18","author":"Velasco-Tirado V","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2018.03.001","volume":"7","author":"Santa MA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3138\/jammi-2022-0041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:21:19Z","timestamp":1760124079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/10.3138\/jammi-2022-0041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3138\/jammi-2022-0041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/jammi-2022-0041","relation":{},"ISSN":["2371-0888","2371-0888"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2371-0888"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2371-0888"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]}}}