{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T04:45:25Z","timestamp":1773981925249,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]},"DOI":"10.3138\/jammi.2019-08-22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T14:05:21Z","timestamp":1572444321000},"page":"215-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The return of syphilis in Canada: A failed plan to eliminate this infection"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ameeta E","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Romanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"key":"r1","unstructured":"1.Giovannetti J. Alberta declares provincewide syphilis outbreak amid surge across Canada. Globe and Mail (Calgary Ed.) [Internet]. 2019 Jul 17 [cited 2019 Jul 21]. Available from: https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/canada\/alberta\/article-alberta-declares-provincewide-syphilis-outbreak-amid-surge-across\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v44i02a02","volume":"44","author":"Choudhri Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"key":"#cr-split#-r3.1","unstructured":"3.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2017 [Internet]. c2017 [updated 2018 Jul 24"},{"key":"#cr-split#-r3.2","unstructured":"cited 2019 Aug 8]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/stats17\/syphilis.htm."},{"key":"r4","unstructured":"4.Kirby Institute. HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia: annual surveillance report. Sydney: Kirby Institute; 2017. Available from: https:\/\/data.kirby.unsw.edu.au\/STIs. (Accessed August 28, 2019)."},{"issue":"1","key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0595-3","volume":"6","author":"Kitayama K","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"r6","unstructured":"6.Health Canada. Proceedings of the national STD consensus meeting. Canada Communicable Disease Report (CCDR). Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada; 1997 Nov, Vol. 23, S6, p. 2\u20139. Available from: http:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/collections\/collection_2016\/aspc-phac\/HP3-1-23-S6-eng.pdf."},{"issue":"12","key":"r7","first-page":"101","volume":"26","author":"Rekart M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.070495","volume":"177","author":"Singh AE","year":"2007","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e025995","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025995","volume":"9","author":"Landry T","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31824e53f7","volume":"39","author":"Gratrix J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199601000-00006","volume":"23","author":"Nakashima AK","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"r12","volume-title":"How to have sex in an epidemic: one approach","author":"Berkowitz R","year":"1983"},{"issue":"2","key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5148","volume":"316","author":"Rodger AJ","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"27","key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205","volume":"363","author":"Grant RM","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-018-1235-2","volume":"48","author":"Tsai J","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16.Wang H, Zhang L, Zhou Y, et\u00a0al. The use of geosocial networking smartphone applications and the risk of sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-018-6092-3. Medline:30326887","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6092-3"},{"issue":"14","key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2947","volume":"321","author":"Traeger MW","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"r18","first-page":"68","volume":"21","author":"Mill J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Urban Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6806a4","volume":"68","author":"Kidd SE","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"r20","first-page":"273","volume":"55","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000260949.35304.22","volume":"34","author":"Zule WA","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200110000-00006","volume":"28","author":"Flom PL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00081-3","volume":"56","author":"Benoit C","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"r24","unstructured":"24.Weber L. U.S. has highest STD rates in industrialized world. Experts blame a lack of resources. HuffPost US [Internet]. 2018 Aug 28 [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.ca\/entry\/highest-std-rates-sexually-transmitted-diseases_n_5b85856de4b0162f471cf805."},{"key":"r25","unstructured":"25.BC Centre for Disease Control. Expanded online STI testing program reduces barriers, reaches more people [Internet]. 2018 Mar 29 [cited 2019 Aug 8]. Available from http:\/\/www.bccdc.ca\/about\/news-stories\/news-releases\/2017\/gco-expansion."},{"key":"r26","first-page":"819593","author":"Bergman J","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Res Treat"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3138\/jammi.2019-08-22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T13:42:26Z","timestamp":1741873346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/10.3138\/jammi.2019-08-22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3138\/jammi.2019-08-22"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/jammi.2019-08-22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2371-0888"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2371-0888","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]}}}