{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T21:04:23Z","timestamp":1780607063130,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Rumination has been linked to worsened mental health outcomes, but its specific association with depressive symptoms among aging Veterans remains unclear. While social support may buffer adverse effects of rumination on well-being, it is not yet well understood which sources of social support are most effective. This study explored whether different sources of social support (spouse\/partner, family, military friends, and civilian friends) moderate the association between rumination and depressive symptoms within an aging Veteran sample. Methods: Seventy U.S. Veterans aged at least 60 years, most of whom served during the Vietnam Era, were recruited nationally. Participants served in the army (n = 25), navy (n = 17), air force (n = 14), Marine Corps (n = 10), and coast guard (n = 4), and completed online surveys. Measures included the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTS), the PROMIS Depression Short Form, and surveys of social support from various sources. Results: After controlling for age, sex, rank at separation, and number of deployments outside the United States, family support was associated with lower depressive symptoms. Rumination was associated with higher depressive symptoms, but it was also moderated by support from military friends. Specifically, rumination was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms in the context of low and moderate \u2014 but not high \u2014 support from military friends. Discussion: Our findings highlight the protective role of military friendships in promoting Veterans\u2019 mental health and well-being later in life, particularly regarding their use of rumination as a coping strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/jmvfh-2025-0047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T15:38:26Z","timestamp":1780328306000},"page":"77-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rumination and depressive symptoms among aging Veterans: The moderating role of social support"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Juliana","family":"Morsello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4594-1897","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christina","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3386-5898","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katherine","family":"Fiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264316641082","volume":"29","author":"DiNapoli EA","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15518","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18525-w","volume":"12","author":"Singh S","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4193","volume":"30","author":"Gould CE","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/ppar\/prz027","volume":"30","author":"O\u2019Malley KA","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Policy Aging Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000879","volume":"206","author":"Boscarino JA","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000806","volume":"55","author":"Maynard C","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20542","volume":"65","author":"Brinker JK","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.03.006","volume":"45","author":"Hong RY","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019456","volume":"25","author":"Segerstrom SC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0137176","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137176","volume":"10","author":"Gan P","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-006-9034-9","volume":"32","author":"von Hippel W","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001119","volume":"14","author":"Wells SY","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnv097","volume":"56","author":"Davison EH","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"12","key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716000532","volume":"46","author":"Wild J","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhp.2024.200384","volume":"36","author":"Lommen MJ.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ment Health Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000198","volume":"26","author":"Bravo AJ","year":"2020","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1037\/str0000319","volume":"31","author":"Thomas ED","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Stress Manag."},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957382","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.957382","volume":"13","author":"Guo T","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"r19","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Support processes in intimate relationships [Internet]","author":"DeLongis A","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.77.4.801","volume":"77","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema S","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2010.29.7.797","volume":"29","author":"Puterman E","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Soc Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaa230","volume":"76","author":"Marini CM","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22628","volume":"34","author":"Steenkamp MM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"1","key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354916679984","volume":"132","author":"Cederbaum JA","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019062","volume":"2","author":"Wilcox S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1159\/000502340","volume":"66","author":"Marini CM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"r27","volume-title":"The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) [Internet]","author":"Weathers FW","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407500171001","volume":"17","author":"Walen HR","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Soc Pers Relat"},{"issue":"3","key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191111411667","volume":"18","author":"Pilkonis PA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100399","volume":"7","author":"Abrams LR","year":"2019","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1177\/0095327X09356166","volume":"36","author":"MacLean A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Armed Forces Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000059","volume":"12","author":"Godfrey KM","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"issue":"3","key":"r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/jedm.12050","volume":"51","author":"Bolin JH.","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Educ Meas"},{"issue":"4","key":"r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igab034","volume":"5","author":"Tong H","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.095","volume":"278","author":"Birkeland MS","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860120038384","volume":"5","author":"Hunt N","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12378","volume":"12","author":"Monk JK","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fam Theory Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.09.006","volume":"23","author":"Rozanova J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Open Sci Educ Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s10615-017-0636-3","volume":"46","author":"Strong JD","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Soc Work J"},{"issue":"11","key":"r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00287685","volume":"17","author":"Antonucci TC","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"issue":"1","key":"r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212001202","volume":"25","author":"Sonnenberg CM","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2010.513042","volume":"15","author":"Choi NG","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"r43","first-page":"25","volume":"19","author":"Crompvoets S","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mil Veterans Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1300\/J074v12n01_04","volume":"12","author":"Cotten SR","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Women Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.03.019","volume":"55","author":"Johnson DP","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"issue":"6","key":"r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnx151","volume":"58","author":"Stokes JE","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"7","key":"r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.07.004","volume":"26","author":"Kashdan TB","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAnxiety Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1177\/0091217420906659","volume":"55","author":"Frueh BC","year":"2020","journal-title":"International J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48525","DOI":"10.2196\/48525","volume":"8","author":"Austin T","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X20000161","volume":"41","author":"Brewster L","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000176","volume":"15","author":"Russell CA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"issue":"10","key":"r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610224000589","volume":"36","author":"Fischer IC","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.142","volume":"309","author":"McMahon G","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3138\/jmvfh-2025-0047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T20:38:33Z","timestamp":1780605513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/10.3138\/jmvfh-2025-0047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3138\/jmvfh-2025-0047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/jmvfh-2025-0047","relation":{},"ISSN":["2368-7924","2368-7924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2368-7924","type":"print"},{"value":"2368-7924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}}}