{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:22:12Z","timestamp":1791973332223,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medical Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The objective of this article is to compare the occurrence of hemorrhagic complications in student-performed feline ovarian pedicle ligations using the traditional suture pedicle double-ligation (PDL) to the suture-less auto-ligation (AL) techniques, and to describe the stepwise method of teaching the AL technique to students. A total of 287 cats underwent an ovariohysterectomy (OHE) performed by a fourth-year veterinary student trained by veterinary faculty to perform the AL technique beginning with a low-fidelity model and progressing to live patient surgeries. Students performed the AL and PDL techniques on 146 and 141 cats respectively. Hemorrhagic complications occurred in 4 of 146 cats (2.7%) in the AL group and 8 of 141 (5.7%) in the PDL group and were not found to be significantly different ( p = 0.2496). This article demonstrates that novice surgeons can safely perform the AL technique on feline ovarian pedicles without significantly increasing complications compared to the traditionally taught method when a stepwise training program is implemented. Additionally, this technique has been shown to be safe, effective, and more efficient when performed by experienced veterinary surgeons. <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> Veterinary institutions should consider including the AL technique in their core curricula as a standard method for feline ovarian pedicle ligation. Doing so will facilitate the development of more proficient entry-level practitioners who are better able to serve their patients, clients, employers, humane societies, and their communities by using a more efficient and safe feline ovariohysterectomy technique. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme-2020-0011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T20:28:15Z","timestamp":1606163295000},"page":"679-685","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of Hemorrhagic Complications with Double-ligated versus Auto-ligated Feline Ovarian Pedicles by Fourth-Year Veterinary Students"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Annie L.","family":"Showers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Horvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pontius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle R.","family":"Forman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audra","family":"Hanthorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15576589","volume":"18","author":"Miller KP","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"r2","unstructured":"2 Griffin B, Brestle K, Bohling M, Bushby P, Digangi B. 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Shelter Animals Count; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/shelteranimalscount.org\/m\/2018-animal-sheltering-statistics"},{"issue":"2","key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13143","volume":"48","author":"Shaver S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"r17","unstructured":"17 Smeak D, Hazenfield K. Creating a Leak-Proof Ligature with Confidence Part 1: Overview of Ligation and Surgical Binding Knots [Internet]. Today\u2019s Veterinary Practice; 2015. 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