{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:00:47Z","timestamp":1787025647400,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medical Education"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Outreach medicine is used to improve students\u2019 medical, technical, behavioral, and communication training among health professional schools; it is also used in veterinary schools, but little has been described on its educational impacts among pre-clinical veterinary students. Aiming to train practice-ready graduates, we established a monthly nonprofit vaccine clinic serving low-income clients to provide pre-clinical veterinary students with a realistic experiential learning environment. We developed surveys to assess the educational impacts of outreach medicine on pre-clinical veterinary student and client education. We received 101 student surveys, 26 educator (i.e., veterinarians and registered veterinary technicians) surveys, and 96 client surveys. Veterinarians, students, and technicians reported that students improved in important veterinary skills such as client communication, subcutaneous injection, patient handling, and physical examination. They also reported improved confidence in students\u2019 clinical decision making. Veterinarians valued the vaccine clinic as a favorable educational tool to teach behavior assessment and low-stress handling, and they highlighted that experiential learning via the vaccine clinic provided students with a clinical experience representative of most veterinarian practices (i.e., small animal general practitioner). Clients reported that the clinic\u2019s students and veterinarians greatly improved their knowledge of their pets\u2019 care and vaccines\u2014notably, their knowledge of rabies and leptospirosis improved. Outreach medicine in the form of a vaccine clinic creates valuable experiential learning opportunities that increase veterinary student preparedness and complement didactic, laboratory, and case-based teaching.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme-2020-0128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T10:04:15Z","timestamp":1627985055000},"page":"e20200128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Outreach Medicine as an Experiential Teaching Tool to Improve Veterinary Student and Client Education"],"prefix":"10.3138","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliott J.","family":"Rinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle E.","family":"Matusicky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie M.","family":"Millward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1696","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"r1","first-page":"31\u201364","volume-title":"Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development","author":"Kolb DA","year":"2014"},{"issue":"7","key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200407000-00010","volume":"79","author":"Bennard B","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590500410971","volume":"28","author":"Dornan T","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"issue":"1","key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.36834\/cmej.42151","volume":"9","author":"Strasser R","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Med Educ J"},{"issue":"4","key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20128","volume":"76","author":"Meah YS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-006-0073-4","volume":"22","author":"Simpson SA","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e312","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12295","volume":"22","author":"Goswami S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Dent Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12189","volume":"21","author":"Leisnert L","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Dent Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2013.01.005","volume":"5","author":"Dy EA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Teach Learn"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.35.1.026"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.0813-105R"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.0513-069R"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2018.05.016","volume":"157","author":"Mueller MK","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2017.1337515","volume":"20","author":"LaVallee E","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Appl Anim Welf Sci"},{"key":"r15","author":"Van Patten KM","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vet Med Educ"},{"key":"#cr-split#-r16.1","unstructured":"16 Ouedraogo F, Salois M, Dutton B. 2018 AVMA report on the market for veterinary services, vol. 3 [Internet]. 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