{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T17:07:10Z","timestamp":1789751230131,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medical Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Veterinary students often struggle to correctly interpret heart sounds. This study sought to evaluate if additional online training using digital phonocardiograms (DPCGs) improves students\u2019 ability to identify normal and pathologic heart sounds in dogs. Thirty-six randomly assigned veterinary students listened to and interpreted 10 audio recordings of normal heart sounds (2), heart murmurs (4), and arrhythmias (4) at the start and the end of a 4-week period. Twenty-two students participated in training with DPCGs, including those created from these recordings during this period, via a self-study website (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 12) or online webinar (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 10). Their results were compared with those of a control group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 14) that did not undergo additional training. Although pre- and post-training test scores did not differ between groups, both training groups showed within-group improvement between the two tests (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .024,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .037); the control group did not (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .49). Although neither training group showed differences in ability to differentiate normal heart sounds from arrhythmias, both showed increased ability to detect and specify heart murmurs and provide refined diagnoses of detected arrhythmias. These results suggest additional training, even without actual patients, improves students\u2019 ability to identify heart murmurs and provide specific diagnoses for arrhythmias. Further study with a larger sample size and an additional group without DPCG-based training would help evaluate the effectiveness of DPCGs regarding arrhythmias. Studying a larger sample size would also allow for a training group participating in both training methods, measuring cumulative effectiveness of both methods.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme-2021-0097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T16:04:10Z","timestamp":1643645050000},"page":"104-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Remote Teaching of Canine Cardiac Auscultation Using Digital Phonocardiograms"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rton","family":"Balogh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Rishniw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1roly","family":"V\u00f6r\u00f6s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"First OIE global conference on evolving veterinary education for a safer world; 2009 Oct 12\u201314","author":"Jorna T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jorna T , Turner P , Ostensson K , editors. Global veterinary Day One Competencies. First OIE global conference on evolving veterinary education for a safer world; 2009 Oct 12\u201314; Paris, France. Paris: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health); 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.59.2011.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v23.i3-4.10"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"291","article-title":"Application of sensor-based electronic stethoscopes and digital phonocardiography in canine cardiology","volume":"136","author":"Szilv\u00e1si V","year":"2014","unstructured":"Szilv\u00e1si V , V\u00f6r\u00f6s K . Application of sensor-based electronic stethoscopes and digital phonocardiography in canine cardiology. 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