{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T10:29:16Z","timestamp":1769509756131,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medical Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The COVID-19 outbreak forced educators worldwide to transition to remote teaching, which caught most of the instructors and students off-guard. Instructors had to quickly adapt and find effective substitute teaching methods during this unprecedented period, while students had to maintain motivation and engagement in the learning process. As with all educational levels and disciplines, teaching and assessment in veterinary medicine were forced to change during this adjustment period. The biggest concern regarding educational experiences was potential learning loss caused by the disruption. This study examined whether COVID-19 pandemic disruptions negatively impacted veterinary students\u2019 knowledge and skill acquisition in both basic science education, and clinical science education employing a quasi-experimental approach. Data sources included the results from standardized exams including Veterinary Educational Assessment (VEA), the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE), Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs), and surveys (i.e., Senior Exit Survey, Alumni Survey, and the Employer Survey). Analysis of variance was computed to compare pre-COVID results with those attained during and after pandemic restrictions. The results indicated no statistically significant difference in student performance on standardized exams, but a significant drop in the mean scores for OSCEs. Students whose education was disrupted by COVID-19 pandemic restrictions were as much satisfied with the education they received as their peers whose education was not disrupted. Conclusions are discussed and recommendations for further research are provided. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme-2023-0049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T15:20:11Z","timestamp":1695914411000},"page":"81-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Exploratory Study of the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Disruptions on Veterinary Medical Education"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Aliye","family":"Karabulut-Ilgu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Curricular Assessment and Teaching Support, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 2256 Vet Med 1800, Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca G.","family":"Burzette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Curricular Assessment and Teaching Support, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 2259 Vet Med 1800, Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.m1535","volume":"186","author":"Bowen M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"4","key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s11125-021-09582-6","volume":"51","author":"Donnelly R","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prospects (Paris)"},{"issue":"17","key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022376118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2022376118","volume":"118","author":"Engzell P","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"r4","author":"Storey N","year":"2021","journal-title":"EdArXiv [Preprint]"},{"issue":"1","key":"r5","first-page":"5","volume":"40","author":"Spiteri J","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educ Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022021000200623","volume":"39","author":"Prakash O","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Morphol"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594261","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.594261","volume":"7","author":"Mahdy MAA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1089\/apb.2022.0017","volume":"27","author":"Philpott M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Biosaf"},{"issue":"3","key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/1389224X.2021.1932536","volume":"28","author":"Das PK","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Agric Educ Extens"},{"issue":"5","key":"r10","first-page":"14","volume":"18","author":"Islam MA","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Univ Teach Learn Pract"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme-2021-0106"},{"issue":"1","key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2149","volume":"15","author":"Mahdy MAA","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"issue":"6","key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061818","volume":"11","author":"Routh J","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12841","volume":"52","author":"Sadeghinezhad J","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anat Histol Embryol"},{"issue":"1","key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12804","volume":"52","author":"Machado LC","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anat Histol Embryol"},{"issue":"11","key":"r16","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"Gon\u00e7alves E","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educ Sci (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9100581","volume":"9","author":"Micieli F","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"r18","first-page":"141","volume":"49","author":"Ward JL","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vet Med Educ"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme-2020-0084"},{"issue":"4","key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.4.454","volume":"238","author":"Danielson JA","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"r21","unstructured":"National Board of Medical Examiners. Annual report; 2017."},{"key":"r22","volume-title":"NAVLE\u00ae competency domains","author":"International Council for Veterinary Assessment and National Board of Medical Examiners","year":"2019"},{"key":"r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.31.2.116"},{"issue":"4","key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.4.454","volume":"238","author":"Danielson JA","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.37.4.377"},{"key":"r26","unstructured":"UNESCO. UNESCO's education response to COVID-19; 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/covid-19\/education-response\/initiatives."},{"issue":"1","key":"r27","first-page":"156","volume":"5","author":"Yin SC","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Learn Teach"},{"key":"r28","unstructured":"American Veterinary Medical Association. Veterinarians: protecting the health of animals and people. AVMA; 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.avma.org\/resources\/pet-owners\/yourvet\/veterinarians-protecting-health-animals-and-people."},{"key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662198","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.662198","volume":"8","author":"Carney K","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1080\/13603116.2017.1325074","volume":"21","author":"Capp MJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Inclus Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4103\/EHP.EHP_27_21","volume":"4","author":"Stowe D","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ Health Profess"},{"key":"r32","first-page":"e20210150","author":"Aslim G","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vet Med Educ"},{"key":"r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme-2020-0145"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3138\/jvme-2023-0049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T18:06:51Z","timestamp":1741889211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/utppublishing.com\/doi\/10.3138\/jvme-2023-0049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3138\/jvme-2023-0049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/jvme-2023-0049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0748-321X","1943-7218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0748-321X","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-7218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]}}}