{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:41:33Z","timestamp":1787244093213,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medical Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Left displaced abomasum (LDA) is a common condition in dairy cattle where the abomasum dilates and migrates to the left side of the abdomen. This condition causes significant economic losses for farmers and can result in life-threatening complications, so it is critical that veterinary students be taught to surgically correct a LDA before graduating and entering food animal practice. Models have been successfully used to teach students to perform other surgical procedures, but limited models exist to teach surgical skills to prospective dairy veterinary students. This study sought to develop and validate a bovine LDA reduction model and scoring rubric using a validity framework consisting of content evidence (expert opinion), internal structure evidence (reliability of rubric scores), and evidence showing the relationship with other variables (comparing expert to novice performance). Experienced veterinarians (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 12) and novice veterinary students (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 30) surgically deflated and reduced the model's LDA while being recorded. Videos were scored by a blinded expert. Participants completed a survey afterward. All veterinarians reported that the model was suitable for use in teaching and assessing students, offering content evidence for validation. Scores produced by the checklist had good reliability (\u03b1 = .886), offering internal structure evidence. Veterinarians achieved higher checklist (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .025) and global rating scores (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .005) than students, offering relationship with other variables evidence. The development and use of food animal models promotes students\u2019 development of competence in performing food animal procedures, leading to better qualified new graduates entering food animal practice. The use of models also protects animal welfare during students\u2019 training.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme-2024-0145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T11:07:40Z","timestamp":1744715260000},"page":"351-360","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and Validation of a Bovine Left Displaced Abomasum Reduction Model and Rubric"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Nathan","family":"Schank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate, TN 37752 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate, TN 37752 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Marcum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Science, Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate, TN 37752 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Brockman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate, TN 37752 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Center","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant Health Resident, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_9_2_2","first-page":"142","article-title":"Closed suturing technique for correction of left abomasal displacement","volume":"34","author":"Hull B","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hull B. 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