{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:59:46Z","timestamp":1791928786733,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medical Education"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microbiology is fundamental to veterinary medicine, providing the scientific basis for infectious disease diagnosis, antimicrobial stewardship, vaccination, bio-security, zoonotic disease management, and public health. Despite its importance, little information exists regarding how pre-clinical veterinary microbiology is taught or how curricular content aligns with competency-based veterinary education (CBVE). A survey conducted in collaboration with the American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC) examined curricular structure, faculty composition, instructional methods, and conceptual priorities among accredited veterinary colleges in North America and Europe. Responses from 24 institutions and reviews of 24 course syllabi revealed substantial variability in disciplinary organization, instructional approaches, faculty expertise, and assessment practices. Most programs delivered microbiology through discipline-specific courses and relied primarily on lecture-based instruction. Learning objectives were common, but explicit competency statements and mapping to CBVE competencies were rare. These findings suggest a disconnect between traditional microbiology curricula and emerging competency-based educational frameworks. Development of discipline-specific competencies, systematic curriculum mapping, and greater integration of foundational sciences with clinical training may improve alignment between microbiology education and professional outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme-2026-0035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:31:26Z","timestamp":1791927086000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Variability and Misalignment in Pre-Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Education: Implications for Competency-Based Training"],"prefix":"10.3138","author":[{"given":"John A.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, 52 Campus Dr., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Lairmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1696","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","volume-title":"Veterinary medicine: an illustrated history","author":"Dunlop RH","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dunlop RH, Williams DJ. Veterinary medicine: an illustrated history. St. Louis (MO): Mosby Elsevier; 1996."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","unstructured":"AAVMC Working Group on Competency-Based Veterinary Education Molgaard LK Hodgson JL Bok HGJ . Competency-based veterinary education: part 1\u2014CBVE framework [Internet]. Washington (DC): Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges; 2018 [cited 2026 Sep 25]. Available from: https:\/\/aavmc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/CBVE-Publication-1-Framework.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","unstructured":"AAVMC Council on Outcomes-Based Veterinary Education Chaney KP Hodgson JL Banse HE . CBVE 2.0 model. Washington (DC): Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges; 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/9NTV5"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boury N Siegesmund A Kushner DB . Updated ASM curriculum guidelines describe core microbiology content to modernize the framework for microbiology education. J Microbiol Biol Educ. 2024;25(3):e00126\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jmbe.00126-24. Medline: 39431824","DOI":"10.1128\/jmbe.00126-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushner DB Cline TD Danthi P . Curriculum guidelines for graduate and undergraduate virology courses. J Virol. 2022;96(18):e01305\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01305-22. Medline: 36094313","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01305-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushner DB Cline TD Danthi P . Curriculum guidelines for graduate and undergraduate virology courses. J Virol. 2022;96(18):e01305\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01305-22. Medline: 36094313","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01305-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrero LL. Curricular variables and topics studied in veterinary immunology courses at several Latin American universities. J Microbiol Biol Educ. 2019;20(1):20.1.20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jmbe.v20i1.1698. Medline: 31160940","DOI":"10.1128\/jmbe.v20i1.1698"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis MC Libertucci J Guerrero YA . Finding the silver lining during a global pandemic: opportunities for curriculum innovation in microbiology education. Can J Microbiol. 2020;66:600\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/cjm-2020-0374. Medline: 32730714","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2020-0374"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koort J Avall-Jaaskelainen S. Redesigning and teaching veterinary microbiology laboratory exercises with combined on-site and online participation during the COVID-19 pandemic. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2021;368:fnab108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnab108. Medline: 34410377","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnab108"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahns H Markey BK de Waal T Cassidy JP. Climbing the integration ladder: a case study on an interdisciplinary and case-based approach to teaching general pathology parasitology and microbiology in the veterinary curriculum. J Vet Med Educ. 2022;49:210\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/jvme-2020-0085. Medline: 33929940","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme-2020-0085"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubin J. Writing for Wikipedia: an exercise in microbiology writing research communication and public service. J Vet Med Educ. 2022;49:705\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/jvme-2021-0099. 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