{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:17:25Z","timestamp":1791901045512,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Canada"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Purpose: Physiotherapists use observational movement analysis (OMA) to inform clinical reasoning. This study aimed to (1) determine the feasibility of characterizing eye gaze behaviour during OMA with eye-tracking technology, (2) characterize experienced neurological physiotherapists\u2019 and physiotherapy students\u2019 eye gaze behaviour during OMA, and (3) investigate differences in eye gaze behaviour during OMA between physiotherapy students and experienced physiotherapists. Method: Eight students and eight physiotherapists wore an eye-tracking device while watching a video of a person with a history of stroke and subsequent concussion perform sit to stand. Feasibility criteria were (1) successful calibration of the eye tracker, and successful collection of data, for 80% of the participants and (2) moderate interrater reliability of the investigators, measured by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). Three investigators independently recorded the participants\u2019 foveal fixations. Differences between physiotherapists and students in number of fixations, duration per fixation, and total duration of fixations were evaluated using unpaired t-tests, mean differences, and 95% CIs. Results: Data were collected for all participants. ICCs ranged from 0.64 to 0.78. Fixations by physiotherapists were shorter (mean 368.5 [SD 80.8] ms) and greater in number (mean 18.9 [SD 2.2]) than those by students (mean 459.0 [SD 64.2] ms, p\u00a0=\u00a00.03, and mean 15.9 [SD 2.7], p\u00a0=\u00a00.03), respectively. Conclusions: Measuring eye gaze behaviour during OMA using eye tracker technology is feasible. Physiotherapists made more fixations of shorter duration than students. Further investigation of how experienced therapists perform OMA and apply it to clinical reasoning may inform the instruction of OMA. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc-2019-0047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T19:50:34Z","timestamp":1597089034000},"page":"129-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analyzing the Eye Gaze Behaviour of Students and Experienced Physiotherapists during Observational Movement Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Kiera","family":"McDuff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Benaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Burley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payal","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto"},{"name":"KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Vaughan-Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy"},{"name":"KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara K.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto"},{"name":"KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/78.3.259","volume":"78","author":"Bernhardt J","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/71.6.465","volume":"71","author":"Eastlack ME","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/65.7.1027","volume":"65","author":"Krebs DE","year":"1985","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/83.2.146","volume":"83","author":"McGinley JL","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12742","volume":"23","author":"Vaughan-Graham J","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/01460860701378042","volume":"24","author":"Skjaerven LH","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/70.8.511","volume":"70","author":"Jeng S- F","year":"1990","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3109\/09593985.2012.692582","volume":"28","author":"Wikstr\u00f6m-Grotell C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"r9","first-page":"174","volume":"3","author":"El-Sayyad M","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-6-17","volume":"6","author":"Brunnekreef JJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-207","volume":"13","author":"Weeks BK","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"r12","volume-title":"Neurological rehabilitation: optimizing motor performance","author":"Carr JH","year":"2010","edition":"2"},{"issue":"9","key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.9.866","volume":"82","author":"Janssen WG","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"r14","unstructured":"Law B, Atkins MS, Lomax AJ, et al. 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