{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:40:25Z","timestamp":1741826425636,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Modern Drama"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Abstract: <\/jats:p><jats:p> Drawing on Judith Butler\u2019s writings on performativity, this article investigates the critique of the liberal-humanist understanding of selfhood offered in Sarah Kane\u2019s last three plays. It argues that Cleansed subversively deploys conventional dramatic character to disfigure the subject as it is understood by liberal humanism. The motif of the wound activates this subversive characterization, with the supposed self-sameness or coherence of selfhood being dismembered on the page. Subjectivity emerges in this playtext as discursively produced, defined by the body, and processual. Conversely, Crave and 4.48 Psychosis reject the terms through which such liberal-humanist subjectivity is represented. Through uncountable and opaque characters, subjectivity is formulated as queer, foreclosing the equation of body morphology with the sense of the self and dismantling fixed and unified notions of identity. Finally, the article interrogates to what extent the staging of the plays inevitably reproduces stable characters and normative subjectivities. Desire and recognition are considered here as key to maintaining the plays\u2019 critique of liberal humanism. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3138\/md.55.2.230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,17]],"date-time":"2012-06-17T21:37:39Z","timestamp":1339969059000},"page":"230-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Subversion, Refusal, and Contingency: The Transgression of Liberal-Humanist Subjectivity and Characterization in Sarah Kane\u2019s <i>Cleansed, Crave,<\/i> and <i>4.48 Psychosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Delgado-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1696","reference":[{"key":"r1","unstructured":"4.48 Psychosis. By Kane,  Sarah. Dir. James Macdonald. Jerwood Theatre Upstairs, London. June 2000. Performance."},{"key":"r2","unstructured":"4.48 Psychosis. Kane,  Sarah, By  Kane,  Sarah. Dir. Luciano C\u00e1ceres. Teatro Victoria, Talavera de la Reina. Jan. 2009. Performance."},{"key":"r3","unstructured":"4.48 Psychosis. By Kane,  Sarah. Trans. Klaudyna Rozhin. Dir. Grzegorz Jarzyna. Barbican, London. Mar. 2010. Performance."},{"key":"r4","unstructured":"(2002).4.48 Psychosis. By Sarah Kane. Trans. Klaudyna Rozhin. Dir. Grzegorz Jarzyna. TR Warszawa, Warsaw. DVD."},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511486005.005"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266464X0800002X"},{"key":"r7","first-page":"142","volume-title":"Alternatives in the Mainstream II: Queer Theatres in Post-War Britain","author":"Busby Selina","year":"2007"},{"volume-title":"Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of \u201cSex.\u201d","year":"1993","author":"Butler Judith","key":"r8"},{"volume-title":"Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity","year":"2007","author":"Butler Judith","key":"r9"},{"volume-title":"Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence","year":"2006","author":"Butler Judith","key":"r10"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503616295","volume-title":"The Psychic Life of Power: Theories in Subjection","author":"Butler Judith","year":"1997"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203499627","volume-title":"Undoing Gender","author":"Butler Judith","year":"2004"},{"key":"r13","first-page":"136","volume-title":"Contingency, Hegemony, Universality: Contemporary Dialogues on the Left","author":"Butler Judith","year":"2000"},{"key":"r14","first-page":"120","volume-title":"The Judith Butler Reader","author":"Butler Judith","year":"2004"},{"key":"r15","unstructured":"Cavendish,  Dominic. \u201cVerbal Assault and Battery.\u201d Rev. of Crave, by Sarah Kane, dir. Vicky Featherstone. Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh. Independent 15 Aug. 1998, London ed.: 13."},{"key":"r16","unstructured":"Cleansed. By Kane,  Sarah. Dir. James Macdonald. Royal Court Downstairs, London. May 1998. Performance."},{"key":"r17","unstructured":"Crave. By Kane,  Sarah. Dir. Vicky Featherstone. Royal Court Upstairs, London. Sept. 1998. Performance."},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt2005s83","volume-title":"The Death of Character: Perspectives on Theater after Modernism","author":"Fuchs Elinor","year":"1996"},{"key":"r19","first-page":"249","volume-title":"Consciousness, Literature and the Arts","author":"Gritzner Karoline","year":"2006"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10486800802123617"},{"first-page":"105","volume-title":"Complete Plays","author":"Kane Sarah","key":"r21"},{"volume-title":"Complete Plays","year":"2001","author":"Kane Sarah","key":"r22"},{"first-page":"153","volume-title":"Complete Plays","author":"Kane Sarah","key":"r23"},{"first-page":"203","volume-title":"Complete Plays","author":"Kane Sarah","key":"r24"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230582224"},{"key":"r26","unstructured":"Macaulay,  Alastair (1998). Rev. of Crave, by Sarah Kane, dir. Vicky Featherstone. Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh. Theatre Record 18.2 (): 1152."},{"key":"r27","unstructured":"Manque. By Kane,  Sarah. Dir. Bernard Sobel. Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de Gennevilliers, Gennevilliers. March 2000. Performance."},{"key":"r28","unstructured":"Nightingale,  Benedict (1998). Rev. of Crave, dir. Vicky Featherstone. Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh. Theatre Record 18.2 (): 1152."},{"key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110942415","volume-title":"Der nicht mehr dramatische Theatertext: aktuelle B\u00fchnenst\u00fccke und ihre dramaturgische Analyse","author":"Poschmann Gerda","year":"1997"},{"key":"r30","unstructured":"Salino,  Brigitte. \u201cA Gennevilliers, Sarah Kane parle d\u2019outre-tombe [At Gennevilliers, Sarah Kane Speaks from beyond the Grave]..\u201d Rev. of Manque, by Sarah Kane, dir. Sobel,  Bernard. Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de Gennevilliers. Le Monde. Le Monde, 17 Nov. 2011. 23 Apr. 2012 <http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr>"},{"key":"r31","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Jouer le monde: La sc\u00e8ne et le travail de l'imaginaire. 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