{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T01:12:56Z","timestamp":1781313176068,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Carsharing (or short-term auto use) provides a flexible alternative that meets diverse transportation needs across the globe while reducing the negative impacts of private vehicle ownership. Although carsharing appeared in Europe between the 1940s and 1980s, the concept did not become popularized until the early 1990s. For nearly 20 years, worldwide participation in carsharing has been growing. Today, carsharing operates in approximately 600 cities around the world, in 18 nations and on 4 continents. Approximately 348,000 individuals share nearly 11,700 vehicles as part of organized carsharing services (&gt;60% in Europe). Malaysia is operating a carsharing pilot, with a planned launch in 2007. Another eight countries are exploring carsharing. Thirty-three carsharing expert surveys were identified on an international basis. Cost savings, convenient locations, and guaranteed parking were identified as the most common motivations for carsharing use worldwide. An international comparison of carsharing operations, including similarities and differences, is provided. Continued growth is forecast, particularly among new and emerging market segments, such as businesses and universities. Growth-oriented operators will continue to account for the largest number of members and fleets deployed worldwide. In addition, high energy costs; limited and expensive parking; ongoing diffusion of operational knowledge, benefits, and supportive technologies; and increased demand for personal vehicle access in developing nations will affect carsharing's growth and expansion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3141\/1992-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,12]],"date-time":"2007-10-12T10:21:25Z","timestamp":1192184485000},"page":"81-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":241,"title":["Growth in Worldwide Carsharing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"1992","author":[{"given":"Susan A.","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California PATH, University of California, Berkeley, 1357 South 46th Street, Building 452, Richmond, CA 94804-4648."},{"name":"Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8762."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam P.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California PATH, University of California, Berkeley, 1357 South 46th Street, Building 452, Richmond, CA 94804-4648."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1992-10","first-page":"35","author":"Shaheen S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transportation Quarterly"},{"key":"bibr2-1992-10","volume-title":"Dynamics in Behavioral Adaptation to a Transportation Innovation: A Case Study of CarLink\u2014A Smart Carsharing System.","author":"Shaheen S.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr3-1992-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/1986-17"},{"key":"bibr4-1992-10","unstructured":"World Carshare Organizations (Operators). 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In Journal of World Transport Policy and Practice: Carsharing 2000\u2014Sustainable Transport's Missing Link, Eco-Logica Ltd., Lancaster, United Kingdom, 2000, pp. 44\u201352. www.ecoplan.org\/library\/wt5-3.pdf."},{"key":"bibr9-1992-10","unstructured":"StridM. Sweden: Getting Mobilized. Journal of World Transport Policy and Practice: Carsharing 2000\u2014Sustainable Transport's Missing Link, Eco-Logica Ltd., Lancaster, United Kingdom, 2000, pp. 84\u201390. www.ecoplan.org\/library\/wt5-3.pdf."},{"key":"bibr10-1992-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/1887-15"},{"key":"bibr11-1992-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KatzevR. Car Sharing: A New Approach to Urban Transportation Problems. Analysis of Social Issues and Public Policy, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2003, pp. 65\u201386. www.asap-spssi.org\/pdf\/katzev.pdf. 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