{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:06:55Z","timestamp":1782173215956,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Various indicators of objective conflict have been proposed in the literature to measure the severity of traffic events. Objective conflict indicators measure various spatial and temporal aspects of proximity on the premise that proximity is a surrogate for severity. These aspects of severity may be partially overlapping and in some cases independent. Two sets of conflict indicators were used in a study conducted to demonstrate that integration of the severity cues provided by each conflict indicator could be performed to reflect better the true, yet unobservable, severity of traffic events. The first set of conflict indicators required the presence of a collision course common to the interacting road users. The second set measured severity in mere temporal proximity between road users. The study proposes a methodology with which to aggregate the event-level measurements of conflict indicators into a safety index. First, individual conflict indicator measurements are mapped into severity intervals [0, 1]. Second, these severity indices are aggregated to a safety index that includes both individual severities and exposure. The methodology is applied on individual measurements of pedestrian\u2013vehicle conflicts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3141\/2237-02","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,27]],"date-time":"2012-01-27T21:42:17Z","timestamp":1327700537000},"page":"10-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Methodologies for Aggregating Indicators of Traffic Conflict"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2237","author":[{"given":"Karim","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Carleton University, 1125-3432 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Saunier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2237-02","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Highway Research Record 225","author":"Perkins R.","year":"1968"},{"key":"bibr2-2237-02","volume-title":"First Workshop on Traffic Conflicts.","author":"Amundsen F.","year":"1977"},{"key":"bibr3-2237-02","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2083-11"},{"key":"bibr4-2237-02","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2147-06"},{"key":"bibr5-2237-02","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2140-05"},{"key":"bibr6-2237-02","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2198-07"},{"key":"bibr7-2237-02","volume-title":"The Malm\u00f6 Study: A Calibration of Traffic Conflict Techniques","author":"Grayson G. 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