{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:05:52Z","timestamp":1777885552602,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>When evaluating road design, maintenance, and rehabilitation, the Portuguese Road Administration does not consider road-user costs. A simplified model of road-user costs for highway networks and the selection of input values for Portuguese conditions were defined, with 2006 as the base year for calculations. The steps in defining the model were the analysis of the most important models of current road-user costs to provide the conceptual framework for a simplified and new model; the characterization of Portuguese highways by input data definition; and the inventory of official sources, formulations, and definition directives for input data. With the simplified formulation, user costs can be integrated in management frameworks in an easy, fast, and reliable way. A consideration of extended transport costs (construction, maintenance, and user costs) will allow a more accurate life-cycle economic analysis and will contribute to the sustainability of road infrastructure. Two applications of the model to Portuguese road networks under concession are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3141\/2225-01","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,27]],"date-time":"2011-12-27T21:34:52Z","timestamp":1325021692000},"page":"3-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Simplified Model of Road-User Costs for Portuguese Highways"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2225","author":[{"given":"Bertha Maria Batista dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Beira Interior, Calcada Fonte do Lameiro, 6200-001 Covilha, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Guilherme","family":"de Picado-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Avenue Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Victor Manuel Pissarra","family":"Cavaleiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Beira Interior, Calcada Fonte do Lameiro, 6200-001 Covilha, Portugal."}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2225-01","volume-title":"Modelling Road User and Environmental Effects in HDM-4.","author":"Bennett C.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr2-2225-01","volume-title":"HDM-4 Road User Costs Model, Version 1.20.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr3-2225-01","volume-title":"Using the NZVOC Model to Prepare PEM Vehicle Operating Costs.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr4-2225-01","volume-title":"Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Volume 13: Economic Assessment of Road Schemes, Section 1: The COBA Manual.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr5-2225-01","volume-title":"Techniques for Manually Estimating Road User Costs Associated with Construction Projects.","author":"Daniels G.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr6-2225-01","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/1732-09"},{"key":"bibr7-2225-01","volume-title":"Sistema de Gest\u00e3o da Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o, Sistema de Custos dos Utentes.","author":"Gest\u00e3o de Pavimentos","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr8-2225-01","unstructured":"SantosB., Picado-SantosL., and CavaleiroV. Vehicle Operating, Accident and User Time Costs in Pavement Management Systems: Approach for Portuguese Conditions. Proc. 5th International Conference on Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Pavements and Technological Control (MAIREPAV5), Park City, Utah, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 2007, pp. 205\u2013210."},{"key":"bibr9-2225-01","volume-title":"Modela\u00e7\u00e3o dos Custos dos Utentes na Gest\u00e3o da Estrada (Modeling Road User Costs in Road Management).","author":"Santos B.","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3141\/2225-01","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3141\/2225-01","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:05:31Z","timestamp":1777604731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3141\/2225-01"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3141\/2225-01"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3141\/2225-01","relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-1981","type":"print"},{"value":"2169-4052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}}}