{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:16:14Z","timestamp":1777364174499,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Growing concerns about environmental issues have led to the consideration of alternatives to current mobility. Electric mobility is one such alternative that is receiving a great deal of attention in Europe. In particular, a new legal framework for the introduction of an electric mobility system in Portugal has recently been set up by the government. A key issue in this system is recharging the batteries and, consequently, the location of charging stations. This paper presents a study on the location of electric-vehicle charging stations for an area of Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal, characterized with a strong concentration of population and employment. This type of area is appropriate for slow charging because vehicles stay parked for several hours within a 24-h period. The methodology used here is based on a maximal covering model to optimize the demand covered within an acceptable level of service and to define the number and capacity of the stations to be installed. The results clearly indicate that this methodology can be useful in the future planning of electric mobility systems. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3141\/2252-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,8]],"date-time":"2012-02-08T16:41:27Z","timestamp":1328719287000},"page":"91-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":344,"title":["Optimal Location of Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles in a Neighborhood in Lisbon, Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2252","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Frade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Pais","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal."}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2252-12","volume-title":"Transportation for Livable Cities.","author":"Vuchic V. R.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr2-2252-12","volume-title":"A Sustainable Future for Transport.","author":"European Commission","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr3-2252-12","unstructured":"HelmsH., PehntM., LambrechtU., and LiebichA. Electric Vehicle and Plug-In Hybrid Energy Efficiency and Life Cycle Emissions. Proc. 18th International Symposium Transport and Air Pollution, D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland, 2010, pp. 113\u2013124."},{"key":"bibr4-2252-12","author":"Beyond Fossil Fuels: Portugal Gives Itself a Clean-Energy Makeover","year":"2010","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"bibr5-2252-12","volume-title":"European Green Cars Initiative: Towards an Electric Future?","author":"European Commission","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr6-2252-12","volume-title":"A European Strategy on Clean and Energy Efficient Vehicles.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr7-2252-12","unstructured":"Passenger Car Ownership in the EEA. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2010. http:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/data-and-maps\/figures\/passenger-car-ownership-in-the-eea. Accessed March 10, 2011."},{"issue":"36","key":"bibr8-2252-12","first-page":"1165","author":"Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o do Conselho de Ministros no. 20\/2009","year":"2009","journal-title":"Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica"},{"issue":"173","key":"bibr9-2252-12","first-page":"6003","author":"Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o do Conselho de Ministros no. 81\/2009","year":"2009","journal-title":"Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica"},{"issue":"80","key":"bibr10-2252-12","first-page":"1371","author":"Decreto-Lei no. 39\/2010","year":"2010","journal-title":"Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica"},{"key":"bibr11-2252-12","volume-title":"Programa de Estabilidade e Crescimento 2010\u20132013.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr12-2252-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2007.892489"},{"key":"bibr13-2252-12","volume-title":"Plug-In Hybrid and Battery-Electric Vehicles: State of the Research and Development and Comparative Analysis of Energy and Cost Efficiency.","author":"Nemry F.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr14-2252-12","unstructured":"Pesquisa de Pontos de Abastecimento. MOBI.E\u2013Rede Nacional de Mobilidade El\u00e9ctrica, Lisbon, Portugal, 2010. http:\/\/www.mobie.pt\/pontos-de-carregamento. Accessed March 10, 2011."},{"key":"bibr15-2252-12","unstructured":"ReisL. Modelo e Sistema de Carregamento para Ve\u00edculos El\u00e9ctricos em Portugal. Presented at Semin\u00e1rio Mobilidade El\u00e9ctrica: o Ve\u00edculo, Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes Terrestres, Lisbon, Portugal, 2010."},{"key":"bibr16-2252-12","unstructured":"Find Stations. Coulomb Technologies, Campbell, Calif., 2011. http:\/\/www.mychargepoint.net\/find-stations.php#. Accessed March 10, 2011."},{"key":"bibr17-2252-12","volume-title":"Plug-In Hybrid and Battery Electric Vehicles: Market Penetration Scenarios of Electric Drive Vehicles.","author":"Nemry F.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr18-2252-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118032343"},{"key":"bibr19-2252-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2003.11.032"},{"key":"bibr20-2252-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.20284"},{"key":"bibr21-2252-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01942293"},{"key":"bibr22-2252-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(02)00604-5"},{"key":"bibr23-2252-12","volume-title":"Censos 2001 Resultados Definitivos Regi\u00e3o Lisboa.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr24-2252-12","volume-title":"Lisboa: O Desafio da Mobilidade.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr25-2252-12","volume-title":"Movimentos Pendulares na \u00e1rea Metropolitana de Lisboa 1991\u20132001.","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3141\/2252-12","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3141\/2252-12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T06:27:15Z","timestamp":1741674435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3141\/2252-12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3141\/2252-12"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3141\/2252-12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-1981","type":"print"},{"value":"2169-4052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}}}