{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:04:48Z","timestamp":1770998688439,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This paper provides a practical procedure for designing efficient taxi pickup operations at airports. How to do this effectively is an open question. Solutions are not available, and practices vary. They reflect different approaches to and lack of research on the subject. The solutions are often unsatisfactory. At many airports, passengers routinely suffer long waits outdoors, exposed to the elements, after a tiring journey. Such disagreeable experiences are avoidable. Designing efficient taxi pickup operations at airports is problematic. The peculiarities of the process preclude easy solutions. First, the process involves queuing, so system performance is a nonlinear function of the loads. Second, it features unstable transient situations, since travelers typically arrive in bulk over short periods. Third, traffic is significantly differentiated and consists of a wide variety of groups implying different service characteristics. Standard results from queuing theory thus do not have a useful application to this problem. The design process uses simulation that is based on detailed observation of local practices. It involves four steps: (a) detailed local measurements of the arrival of both travelers and taxis, and the service rates provided by taxis in different queuing positions; (b) creation and validation of a simulation model sufficiently detailed to account for these realities; (c) exploration of design alternatives to estimate the characteristics of the service they would provide; and (d) selection of a preferred design that properly balances efforts to minimize average and extreme wait times. The paper demonstrates the procedure through application to Lisbon International Airport, Portugal. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3141\/2300-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]],"date-time":"2012-11-16T02:12:21Z","timestamp":1353031941000},"page":"91-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Designing Efficient Taxi Pickup Operations at Airports"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2300","author":[{"given":"David Carvalho Teixeira","family":"Da Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ANA\u2014Aeroportos de Portugal, SA, Rua D, Edificio 120, Aeroporto de Lisboa, 1700-008 Lisbon, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"De Neufville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Systems Division, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139."}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2300-11","volume-title":"Evaluation of Alternative Arrangements for the Provision of Airport Taxi Service.","author":"La Croix S.","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr2-2300-11","unstructured":"CardonN. 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Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, n.d."},{"key":"bibr10-2300-11","volume-title":"The Planning and Design of Airports.","author":"Horonjeff R.","year":"1962"},{"key":"bibr11-2300-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0969-6997(94)90014-0"},{"key":"bibr12-2300-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-00273-3"},{"key":"bibr13-2300-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-1647(78)90050-3"},{"key":"bibr14-2300-11","volume-title":"Performance and Design of Taxi Services at Airport Passenger Terminals.","author":"Costa D.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr15-2300-11","unstructured":"FerreiraF., PachecoA., and TeodoroF. Evaluation of Taxi Services Provision on Airport Terminals Curbside for Picking Up Passengers. 74th European Study Group with Industry, University of Aveiro, Portugal, 2010."},{"key":"bibr16-2300-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-5970-5"},{"key":"bibr17-2300-11","volume-title":"Airport Modeling and Simulation.","author":"Mumayiz S.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr18-2300-11","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Airport Modeling and Simulation","author":"Bender G.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr19-2300-11","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Airport Modeling and Simulation","author":"Hathaway D.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr20-2300-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/8292.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr21-2300-11","volume-title":"An Introduction to SIMUL8 Release Nine.","author":"Shalliker J.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr22-2300-11","volume-title":"Strategies to Improve Taxi Service for JetBlue Customers at JFK Terminal 5.","author":"Kamga C.","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3141\/2300-11","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3141\/2300-11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T16:17:33Z","timestamp":1741623453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3141\/2300-11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3141\/2300-11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3141\/2300-11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-1981","type":"print"},{"value":"2169-4052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}}}