{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T06:24:54Z","timestamp":1774679094618,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Japan Concrete Institute","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ACT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"DOI":"10.3151\/jact.24.160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T22:09:28Z","timestamp":1774476568000},"page":"160-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Printability and Mechanical Performance of 3D Printable Geopolymer Concrete with Barium Chloride, Tartaric Acid, Sucrose, and Sodium Tripolyphosphate"],"prefix":"10.3151","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Guangzhou 510640, China."},{"name":"School of Civil Engineering &amp; Transportation, South China University of Technology, 510640, China."}]},{"given":"Zhenxian","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering &amp; Transportation, South China University of Technology, 510640, China."}]},{"given":"Feihao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd. of China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510030, China."}]},{"given":"Baixi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando FL 32816, USA."}]}],"member":"1727","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1) Abbas, A.-G. N., Aziz, F. N. A. A., Abdan, K., Nasir, N. A. M., &amp; Huseien, G. F. (2022). A state-of-the-art review on fibre-reinforced geopolymer composites. <i>Construction and Building Materials<\/i>, <i>330<\/i>, 127187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.127187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.127187"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"2) Ahmed, G. H., Askandar, N. H., &amp; Jumaa, G. B. (2022). A review of largescale 3DCP: Material characteristics, mix design, printing process, and reinforcement strategies. <i>Structures<\/i>, <i>43<\/i>, 508-532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.istruc.2022.06.068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2022.06.068"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"3) Andrew, R. M. (2018). Global CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions from cement production. <i>Earth System Science Data<\/i>, <i>10<\/i>(1), 195-217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-10-195-2018","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-10-195-2018"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"4) Assi, L. N., Deaver, E., &amp; Ziehl, P. (2018). Using sucrose for improvement of initial and final setting times of silica fume-based activating solution of fly ash geopolymer concrete. <i>Construction and Building Materials<\/i>, <i>191<\/i>, 47-55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.199"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"5) ASTM. (2023). <i>Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens<\/i> (ASTM C496\/C496M-23). West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania:  ASTM International."},{"key":"6","unstructured":"6) ASTM. (2025). <i>Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (using 2-in. or [50-mm] cube specimens)<\/i> (ASTM C109\/C109M). West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania:  ASTM International."},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Boelhouwer, C., Boon, E. F., Butter, J. A., Waterman, H. I., van Egmond, J. C., &amp; Snelderwaard, J. (1956). The alkaline decomposition of sucrose. <i>Journal of Applied Chemistry<\/i>, <i>6<\/i>(7), 310-316.","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.5010060709"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"8) Bong, S. H., Nematollahi, B., Nazari, A., Xia, M., &amp; Sanjayan, J. (2019). Efficiency of different superplasticizers and retarders on properties of \u2018one-part\u2019 fly ash-slag blended geopolymers with different activators. <i>Materials<\/i>, <i>12<\/i>(20), 3410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12203410","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12203410"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Bong, S. H., Nematollahi, B., Xia, M., Nazari, A., Sanjayan, J., &amp; Pan, J. (2020). Properties of 3D-printable ductile fibre-reinforced geopolymer composite for digital construction applications. In: V. Mechtcherine, K. Khayat, &amp; E. Secrieru, Eds. <i>Rheology and Processing of Construction Materials<\/i>. Cham: Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22566-7_42"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"10) Bong, S. H., Xia, M., Nematollahi, B., &amp; Shi, C. (2021). Ambient temperature cured \u2018just-add-water\u2019 geopolymer for 3D concrete printing applications. <i>Cement and Concrete Composites<\/i>, <i>121<\/i>, 104060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104060"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"11) CEN. (2001). <i>Building lime\u2014Part 2: Test methods<\/i> (EN 459-2:2001). Brussels: European Committee for Standardization."},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"12) Chen, B., &amp; Qian, X. (2024). Data-driven reliability-oriented buildability analysis of 3D concrete printed curved wall. <i>Additive Manufacturing<\/i>, <i>94<\/i>, 104459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addma.2024.104459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2024.104459"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"13) Chen, B., &amp; Qian, X. (2025). Explainable data-driven analysis of uncertainty propagation in 3D concrete printing via adaptive polynomial chaos expansion. <i>Automation in Construction<\/i>, <i>178<\/i>, 106414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autcon.2025.106414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2025.106414"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"14) Chen, W., Pan, J., Zhu, B., Ma, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Li, X., Meng, L., &amp; Cai, J. (2023). Improving mechanical properties of 3D printable \u2018one-part\u2019 geopolymer concrete with steel fiber reinforcement. <i>Journal of Building Engineering<\/i>, <i>75<\/i>, 107077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.107077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.107077"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15) Chen, Y. (2018). <i>Research on the controlling of setting time of slag-metakaolin geopolymer<\/i>. Thesis (Master\u2019s). Chongqing University."},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"16) Dunster, A. M., Kendrick, D. A., &amp; Parsonage, J. R. (1994). The mechanism of hardening and hydration of white Portland cement admixed with salicylaldehyde. <i>Cement and Concrete Research<\/i>, <i>24<\/i>(3), 542-550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0008-8846(94)90143-0","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8846(94)90143-0"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"17) Fan, X., Li, Y., Wang, S., &amp; Fan, X. (2014). Study on retardation of preparing grouting material by alkali-activated fine slag powder. <i>Concrete<\/i>, <i>(10)<\/i>, 81-85. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"18) Gao, Y., Guo, T., Li, Z., Zhou, Z., &amp; Zhang, J. (2022). Mechanism of retarder on hydration process and mechanical properties of red mud-based geopolymer cementitious materials. <i>Construction and Building Materials<\/i>, <i>356<\/i>, 129306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.129306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.129306"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"19) Gao, Y., Zou, F., Sui, H., Xu, J., Wang, S., Lu, S., Yu, J., Chen, W., Liu, Y., Chen, J., &amp; Zhao, L. (2025a). Dispersion strategies development for high-performance carbon nanomaterials-reinforced cementitious composites: Critical review on properties and future challenges. <i>Materials &amp; Design<\/i>, <i>259<\/i>, 114789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matdes.2025.114789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2025.114789"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"20) Gao, Y., Zou, F., Wang, S., Sui, H., Yu, J., Xu, B., Chen, W., &amp; Liu, Y. (2025b). Redefining the cement substitution potential of recycled concrete powder using graphene oxide coating. <i>Cement and Concrete Composites<\/i>, <i>164<\/i>, 106276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2025.106276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2025.106276"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"21) Gu, X., Wang, S., Liu, J., Wang, H., Xu, X., Wang, Q., &amp; Zhu, Z. (2023). Effect of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as foam stabilizer on the workability and pore structure of iron tailings sand autoclaved aerated concrete. <i>Construction and Building Materials<\/i>, <i>376<\/i>, 130979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.130979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.130979"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Holschemacher, K., &amp; Tekle, B. H. (2023). Review and experimental investigation of retarder for alkali-activated cement. In: J. I. Escalante-Garcia, P. Castro Borges, &amp; A. Duran-Herrera, Eds. <i>Proceedings of the 75th RILEM Annual Week 2021<\/i>. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 614-625.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-21735-7_67"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"23) Huang, G., Zhao, J., Gupta, R., &amp; Liu, W. V. (2022). Influence of tartaric acid dosage on the early-age and long-term properties of calcium sulfoaluminate belite cement composites. <i>Construction and Building Materials<\/i>, <i>356<\/i>, 129257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.129257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.129257"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"24) ISO. (2016). <i>Testing of concrete\u2014Part 2: Properties of fresh concrete<\/i> (ISO 1920-2:2016). Vienna: International Organization for Standardization."},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"25) Jiang, S., Wang, Y., Cheng, Z., &amp; Chen, B. (2026). Adaptive forecasting of stochastic crack growth using empirical mode decomposition: Gaussian process regression for structural health monitoring. <i>Structure and Infrastructure Engineering<\/i>, <i>22<\/i>(1), 167-182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15732479.2026.2617965","DOI":"10.1080\/15732479.2026.2617965"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Kamali, M., Khalifeh, M., Samarakoon, S., Salehi, S., &amp; Wu, Y. (2023). Effect of organic retarders on fluid-state and strength development of rock-based geopolymer. In: A. J\u0119drzejewska, F. Kanavaris, M. Azenha, F. Benboudjema and D. Schlicke, Eds. <i>International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures (SynerCrete\u2019 23)<\/i>. Cham: Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-33187-9_40"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Le, T. T., Austin, S. A., Lim, S., Buswell, R. A., Gibb, A. G. F., &amp; Thorpe, T. (2012). Mix design and fresh properties for high-performance printing concrete. <i>Materials and Structures<\/i>, <i>45<\/i>(8), 1221-1232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1617\/s11527-012-9828-z","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-012-9828-z"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"28) Li, Q., Wang, J., Zhou, Z., Du, P., &amp; Zhang, X. (2023). Effect of BaCl<sub>2<\/sub> on the hydration properties of ultrahigh performance geopolymer concrete. <i>Construction and Building Materials<\/i>, <i>403<\/i>, 133074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.133074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.133074"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Liu, C., &amp; Zhu, M. (2024). Influence of 3% barium chloride as a retarder on the setting time of geopolymer cement and compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. In: G. Mei, Z. Xu and F. Zhang, Eds. <i>Advanced Construction Technology and Research of Deep-sea Tunnels<\/i>. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 313-325.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-2417-8_27"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"30) Liu, C., Chen, Y., Xiong, Y., Jia, L., Ma, L., Wang, X., Chen, C., Banthia, N., &amp; Zhang, Y. (2022a). Influence of HPMC and SF on buildability of 3D printing foam concrete: From water state and flocculation point of view. <i>Composites Part B: Engineering<\/i>, <i>242<\/i>, 110075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compositesb.2022.110075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2022.110075"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"31) Liu, C., Yue, S., Zhou, C., Sun, H., Deng, S., Gao, F., &amp; Tan, Y. (2021). Anisotropic mechanical properties of extrusion-based 3D printed layered concrete. <i>Journal of Materials Science<\/i>, <i>56<\/i>(30), 16851-16864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10853-021-06416-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-021-06416-w"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"32) Liu, J., Setunge, S., &amp; Tran, P. (2022b). 3D concrete printing with cement-coated recycled crumb rubber: Compressive and microstructural properties. <i>Construction and Building Materials<\/i>, <i>347<\/i>, 128507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.128507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.128507"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"33) Luukkonen, T., Abdollahnejad, Z., Yliniemi, J., Kinnunen, P., &amp; Illikainen, M. (2018). One-part alkali-activated materials: A review. <i>Cement and Concrete Research<\/i>, <i>103<\/i>, 21-34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2017.10.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2017.10.001"},{"key":"34","unstructured":"34) Lyu, J. (2009). <i>Preparation and performance analysis of fly ash geopolymer<\/i>. Thesis (Master\u2019s). Northwest University."},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"35) Ma, G., Li, Z., &amp; Wang, L. (2018). Printable properties of cementitious material containing copper tailings for extrusion based 3D printing. <i>Construction and Building Materials<\/i>, <i>162<\/i>, 613-627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.051"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"36) Ma, G., Li, Z., Wang, L., Wang, F., &amp; Sanjayan, J. (2019). Mechanical anisotropy of aligned fiber reinforced composite for extrusion-based 3D printing. <i>Construction and Building Materials<\/i>, <i>202<\/i>, 770-783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.008"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"37) Mechtcherine, V., Bos, F. P., Perrot, A., Silva, W. R. L. da, Nerella, V. N., Fataei, S., Wolfs, R. J. M., Sonebi, M., &amp; Roussel, N. (2020). Extrusion-based additive manufacturing with cement-based materials \u2013 Production steps, processes, and their underlying physics: A review. <i>Cement and Concrete Research<\/i>, <i>132<\/i>, 106037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106037"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38) Mirante, S., &amp; Ghahremaninezhad, A. (2018). The effect of glucose on the properties of cement paste. In: M. M. R. Taha, Ed. <i>International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2018)<\/i>. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 113-119.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-78175-4_12"},{"key":"39","unstructured":"39) MOHURD. (2009). <i>Standard for test method of basic properties of construction mortar<\/i> (JGJ\/T 70-2009). Beijing: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People\u2019s Republic of China."},{"key":"40","unstructured":"40) MOHURD. (2016). <i>Standard for test method of performance on ordinary fresh concrete<\/i> (GB\/T 50080-2016). Beijing: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People&apos;s Republic of China."},{"key":"41","unstructured":"41) MOT. (2019). <i>Technical specification for concrete testing of port and waterway engineering<\/i> (JTS\/T 236-2019). Beijing: Ministry of Transport of the People\u2019s Republic of China."},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"42) Muthukrishnan, S., Ramakrishnan, S., &amp; Sanjayan, J. (2021a). Effect of alkali reactions on the rheology of one-part 3D printable geopolymer concrete. <i>Cement and Concrete Composites<\/i>, <i>116<\/i>, 103899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2020.103899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2020.103899"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"43) Muthukrishnan, S., Ramakrishnan, S., &amp; Sanjayan, J. (2021b). Technologies for improving buildability in 3D concrete printing. <i>Cement and Concrete Composites<\/i>, <i>122<\/i>, 104144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104144"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"44) Oderji, S. Y., Chen, B., Shakya, C., Ahmad, M. R., &amp; Shah, S. F. A. (2019). Influence of superplasticizers and retarders on the workability and strength of one-part alkali-activated fly ash\/slag binders cured at room temperature. <i>Construction and Building Materials<\/i>, <i>229<\/i>, 116891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.116891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.116891"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"45) O\u2019Donnell, G., &amp; Richards, G. (1973). Mechanism of alkaline degradation of sucrose. A study of some model compounds. <i>Australian Journal of Chemistry<\/i>, <i>26<\/i>(9), 2041-2049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/CH9732041","DOI":"10.1071\/CH9732041"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"46) Panda, B., &amp; Tan, M. J. (2018). Experimental study on mix proportion and fresh properties of fly ash based geopolymer for 3D concrete printing. <i>Ceramics International<\/i>, <i>44<\/i>(9), 10258-10265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ceramint.2018.03.031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2018.03.031"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"47) Panda, B., Paul, S. C., Hui, L. J., Tay, Y. W. D., &amp; Tan, M. J. (2017). Additive manufacturing of geopolymer for sustainable built environment. <i>Journal of Cleaner Production<\/i>, <i>167<\/i>, 281-288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.08.165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.08.165"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"48) Panda, B., Paul, S. C., Mohamed, N. A. N., Tay, Y. W. D., &amp; Tan, M. J. (2018). Measurement of tensile bond strength of 3D printed geopolymer mortar. <i>Measurement<\/i>, <i>113<\/i>, 108-116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.measurement.2017.08.051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2017.08.051"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"49) Panda, B., Unluer, C., &amp; Tan, M. J. (2019). Extrusion and rheology characterization of geopolymer nanocomposites used in 3D printing. <i>Composites Part B: Engineering<\/i>, <i>176<\/i>, 107290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compositesb.2019.107290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2019.107290"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"50) Rahul, A. V., Santhanam, M., Meena, H., &amp; Ghani, Z. (2019). 3D printable concrete: Mixture design and test methods. <i>Cement and Concrete Composites<\/i>, <i>97<\/i>, 13-23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2018.12.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2018.12.014"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"51) Raza, M. H., Zhong, R. Y., &amp; Khan, M. (2022). Recent advances and productivity analysis of 3D printed geopolymers. <i>Additive Manufacturing<\/i>, <i>52<\/i>, 102685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addma.2022.102685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2022.102685"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"52) Ridzuan, A. R. M., Khairulniza, A. A., &amp; Arshad, M. F. (2015). Effect of sodium silicate types on the high calcium geopolymer concrete. <i>Materials Science Forum<\/i>, <i>803<\/i>, 185-193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/MSF.803.185","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/MSF.803.185"},{"key":"53","unstructured":"53) SAC. (2005). <i>Test method for fluidity of cement mortar<\/i> (GB\/T 2419-2005). Beijing: Standardization Administration of the People\u2019s Republic of China."},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"54) Schutter, G. D., Lesage, K., Mechtcherine, V., Nerella, V. N., Habert, G., &amp; Agusti-Juan, I. (2018). Vision of 3D printing with concrete\u2014Technical, economic and environmental potentials. <i>Cement and Concrete Research<\/i>, <i>112<\/i>, 25-36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.06.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.06.001"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"55) Scrivener, K. L., John, V. M., &amp; Gartner, E. M. (2018). Eco-efficient cements: Potential economically viable solutions for a low-CO<sub>2<\/sub> cement-based materials industry. <i>Cement and Concrete Research<\/i>, <i>114<\/i>, 2-26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.03.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.03.015"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"56) Singh, R. P., Reddy, P. S., Vanapalli, K. R., &amp; Mohanty, B. (2023). Influence of binder materials and alkali activator on the strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete: A review. <i>Materials Today: Proceedings<\/i>, (accepted for publication). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matpr.2023.05.226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2023.05.226"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"57) Stansbury, J. W., &amp; Idacavage, M. J. (2016). 3D printing with polymers: Challenges among expanding options and opportunities. <i>Dental Materials<\/i>, <i>32<\/i>(1), 54-64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dental.2015.09.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.09.018"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"58) Sun, C., Sun, J., &amp; Wang, D. (2021). Effect of tartaric acid on the early hydration of NaOH-activated slag paste. <i>Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry<\/i>, <i>144<\/i>(1), 41-50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10973-020-09466-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-020-09466-5"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"59) Swaddiwudhipong, S., Lu, H.-R., &amp; Wee, T.-H. (2003). Direct tension test and tensile strain capacity of concrete at early age. <i>Cement and Concrete Research<\/i>, <i>33<\/i>(12), 2077-2084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0008-8846(03)00231-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-8846(03)00231-X"},{"key":"60","unstructured":"60) Taylor, M., Tam, C., &amp; Gielen, D. (2006). Energy efficiency and CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions from the global cement industry. <i>Korea<\/i>, <i>50<\/i>(2-2), 61-67."},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"61) Thakur, G., Singh, Y., Singh, R., Prakash, C., Saxena, K. K., Pramanik, A., Basak, A., &amp; Subramaniam, S. (2022). Development of GGBS-based geopolymer concrete incorporated with polypropylene fibers as sustainable materials. <i>Sustainability<\/i>, <i>14<\/i>(17), 10639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su141710639","DOI":"10.3390\/su141710639"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"62) Tong, S., Yuqi, Z., &amp; Qiang, W. (2021). Recent advances in chemical admixtures for improving the workability of alkali-activated slag-based material systems. <i>Construction and Building Materials<\/i>, <i>272<\/i>, 121647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.121647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.121647"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"63) Wang, L., Lenormand, H., Zmamou, H., &amp; Leblanc, N. (2019). Effect of soluble components from plant aggregates on the setting of the lime-based binder. <i>Journal of Renewable Materials<\/i>, <i>7<\/i>(9), 903-913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/jrm.2019.06788","DOI":"10.32604\/jrm.2019.06788"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"64) Wang, Y., Qiu, L., Hu, Y., Chen, S., &amp; Liu, Y. (2023). Influential factors on mechanical properties and microscopic characteristics of underwater 3D printing concrete. <i>Journal of Building Engineering<\/i>, <i>77<\/i>, 107571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.107571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.107571"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"65) Weng, Y., Li, M., Zhang, D., Tan, M. J., &amp; Qian, S. (2021). Investigation of interlayer adhesion of 3D printable cementitious material from the aspect of printing process. <i>Cement and Concrete Research<\/i>, <i>143<\/i>, 106386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2021.106386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2021.106386"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"66) Xiaowei, Z., Chunxia, L., &amp; Junyi, S. (2016). Influence of tartaric acid on early hydration and mortar performance of Portland cement-calcium aluminate cement-anhydrite binder. <i>Construction and Building Materials<\/i>, <i>112<\/i>, 877-884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.214"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"67) Ye, J., Cui, C., Yu, J., Yu, K., &amp; Xiao, J. (2021). Fresh and anisotropic-mechanical properties of 3D printable ultra-high ductile concrete with crumb rubber. <i>Composites Part B: Engineering<\/i>, <i>211<\/i>, 108639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compositesb.2021.108639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2021.108639"},{"key":"68","unstructured":"68) Yu, Q., Zhao, S., Huang, J., Qiao, F., Guo, W., Yin, S., Wen, Z., &amp; Gu, G. (2005). Retardation of gelation and improvement of flowability for alkali-activated carbonatite-slag cementitious-grouting material. <i>Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society<\/i>, <i>33<\/i>(7), 859-863. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"69) Zhang, C., Nerella, V. N., Krishna, A., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Mechtcherine, V., &amp; Banthia, N. (2021). Mix design concepts for 3D printable concrete: A review. <i>Cement and Concrete Composites<\/i>, <i>122<\/i>, 104155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104155"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"70) Zhang, J., Dong, Y., Frangopol, D. M., Zhu, S., &amp; Yang, H. (2026a). Synergistic operation and maintenance enabling lifecycle-aware opportunistic management of offshore wind energy. <i>Applied Energy<\/i>, <i>408<\/i>, 127424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apenergy.2026.127424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2026.127424"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"71) Zhang, J., Heng, J., Dong, Y., &amp; Baniotopoulos, C. (2026b). Risk-informed opportunistic operation and maintenance for floating offshore wind turbine towers subjected to corrosion fatigue. <i>Reliability Engineering &amp; System Safety<\/i>, <i>274<\/i>, 112413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112413"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"72) Zhang, J., Wang, J., Dong, S., Yu, X., &amp; Han, B. (2019). A review of the current progress and application of 3D printed concrete. <i>Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing<\/i>, <i>125<\/i>, 105533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compositesa.2019.105533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2019.105533"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"73) Zhong, H., &amp; Zhang, M. (2022). 3D printing geopolymers: A review. <i>Cement and Concrete Composites<\/i>, <i>128<\/i>, 104455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104455"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"74) Zhu, Z., Li, K., &amp; Li, W. (2021). Preliminary structural analysis of high molecular weight alkaline degradation products of sucrose. <i>Sugar Tech<\/i>, <i>23<\/i>(2), 461-465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12355-020-00902-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s12355-020-00902-2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jact\/24\/3\/24_160\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T04:02:52Z","timestamp":1774670572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jact\/24\/3\/24_160\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3151\/jact.24.160","relation":{},"ISSN":["1346-8014","1347-3913"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1346-8014","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-3913","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]}}}