{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T07:30:04Z","timestamp":1793431804713,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":414,"publisher":"American Entomological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transactions of the American Entomological Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The classification of North American species of Prionus (Prionus) Geoffroy, sensu lato, is reevaluated based on male antennal morphology, with three subgenera being recognized: P. (Prionus), consisting of P. aztecus Casey, P. californicus Motschulsky, P. evoluticornis Komiya &amp; Nogueira, P. flohri Bates, P. heroicus Semenov, P. howdeni Chemsak, P. laticollis (Drury), P. lecontei Lameere, P. mexicanus Bates, P. pocularis Dalman, and P. poultoni Lameere; P. (Antennalia) Casey, revived status, consisting of P. fissicornis Haldeman; and P. (Neopolyarthron) Semenov, revived status. The species of P. (Neopolyarthron) are revised and consist of P. imbricornis (Linnaeus), P. debilis Casey, revived status, and P. cuneatus Casey, revived status, with the latter two species being removed from synonymy with P. imbricornis. Prionus robustus Casey, new synonymy, is transferred from synonymy with P. imbricornis to synonymy with P. cuneatus. Prionus fissicornis parviceps Casey, revised synonymy, is removed from synonymy with P. imbricornis and returned to synonymy with P. fissicornis. A lectotype is designated for Cerambyx imbricornis Linnaeus. Keys to North American subgenera of Prionus and to species of P. (Neopolyarthron) are provided. The species of P. (Neopolyarthron) are redescribed, diagnosed, and illustrated, with the female of P. debilis being illustrated for the first time. A county-level distribution map is provided for each species of P. (Neopolyarthron) along with a detailed discussion of distribution, host records, habitat, and conservation status. Prionus imbricornis is associated with forested habitats, P. debilis is associated with tallgrass prairies, and P. cuneatus is associated with prairies and other grasslands. Prionus fissicornis is diagnosed from species of P. (Neopolyarthron), and the type specimens of P. (Antennalia) fissicornis parviceps Casey, P. (Antennalia) fissicornis transversus Casey, and P. (Antennalia) thoracicus Casey are reviewed and illustrated. The date of publication for P. fissicornis is corrected from 1846 to 1847. The following new state records are provided: for P. imbricornis: Delaware and New Jersey; for P. debilis: Minnesota; and for P. cuneatus: Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The following previously published country, state, and provincial records are considered to be in error and are removed from the distribution of the relevant species: for P. imbricornis: Canada (Ontario), Croatia, Dominican Republic, Germany, Haiti, Colorado, Connecticut, Iowa, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; for P. debilis: Florida, Mississippi, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Texas; for P. fissicornis: Ontario, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina; and for P. californicus: Arkansas and Georgia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3157\/061.148.0301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T03:19:32Z","timestamp":1671592772000},"page":"335-504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reevaluation of the Subgeneric Classification of the North American Species of Prionus Geoffroy (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae: Prionini), with a Revision of the Subgenus Neopolyarthron Semenov and Notes on Prionus (Antennalia) Fissicornis Haldeman and Prionus (Prionus) Californicus Motschulsk"],"prefix":"10.3157","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Terence L.","family":"Schiefer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mississippi Entomological Museum, Box 9775, Mississippi State, MS 39762, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1741","reference":[{"key":"126","unstructured":"W. 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Chevrolat,  \"Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France.\"  10, \"Rappel d\u00eas Col\u00e9opt\u00e8res d\u00e9crits par Palisot de Beauvois aux genres actuellement adopt\u00e9s, avec synonymie.\" 629 (1852)"},{"key":"71","unstructured":"T. S. Cochrane  and H. H. Iltis  \"Atlas of the Wisconsin Prairie and Savanna Flora. Technical Bulletin 191.\"  226 (2000)"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. D. A. Cockerell,  \"Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 (eighth series).\"  \"Descriptions and records of bees \u2013 XXI.\" 25 (1909)","DOI":"10.1080\/00222930908692634"},{"key":"73","unstructured":"J. H. Comstock,  \"An Introduction to Entomology.\"  1044 (1924)"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. H. Comstock  and A. B. Comstock  \"A Manual for the Study of Insects.\"  701 (1895)","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.19699"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. H. Comstock, A. B. Comstock, G. W. 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Friedrich Wilh. Herbsts Verzeichnis seiner Insektensammlung. Fortsetzung. Curculio \u2013 Dytiscus. Mit 6 Tafeln und den Bogen K \u2013 O. Archiv der Insectengeschichte. F\u00fcnftes Heft. Erste Abtheilung.\"  73 (1784)"},{"key":"177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. F. Hodge,  \"Nature Study and Life.\"  514 (1902)","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.19786"},{"key":"179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. R. Honey  and M. J. Scoble  \"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.\"  132, \"Linnaeus's butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea).\" 277 (2001)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2001.tb01326.x"},{"key":"180","unstructured":"F. W. Hope,  \"The Coleopterist's Manual, Part the Third, Containing Various Families, Genera, and Species, of Beetles, Recorded by Linneus and Fabricius. Also, Descriptions of Newly Discovered and Unpublished Insects.\"  191, (1841)"},{"key":"181","unstructured":"G. H. 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Palisot de Beauvois,  \"Insectes recueillis en Afrique et en Am\u00e9rique, dans les royaumes d'Oware et de Benin, \u00e0 Saint-Domingue et dans les \u00c9tats-Unis, pendant les ann\u00e9es 1786\u20131797.\"  241 (1821)"},{"key":"290","unstructured":"G. W. F. Panzer,  \"Johann Euseb Voets Beschreibungen und Abbildungen hartschaalichter Insecten. Coleoptera Linn. Aus dem Original getreu \u00fcbersetzt mit der in selbigem fehlenden Synonymie und best\u00e4ndigen Commentar versehen von D. Georg Wolffgang Franz Panzer. Dritter Theil. Mit F\u00fcnf und zwanzig Kupfertafeln.\"  4 (1794)"},{"key":"291","unstructured":"C. S. Papp,  \"Introduction to North American Beetles: With More than 1,000 Illustrations.\"  335 (1984)"},{"key":"292","unstructured":"C. S. Papp,  \"A Comprehensive Guide to North American Insects: With Notes on Other Arthropods of Health Importance.\"  466 (2001)"},{"key":"293","unstructured":"J. A. Payne,  \"Southeastern Pecan Growers' Handbook. Cooperative Extension Service Bulletin 1327.\"  \"Prionus root borer\" 168 (2007)"},{"key":"294","unstructured":"J. A. Payne  and W. T. Johnson  \"Nut Tree Culture in North America.\"  \"Plant Pests\" 314 (1979)"},{"key":"295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. A. Payne, H. Lowman, R. R. Pate,  \"Annals of the Entomological Society of America.\"  68, \"Artificial diets for rearing the tilehorned Prionus.\" 680 (1975)","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/68.4.680"},{"key":"296","unstructured":"J. A. Payne, H. L. Malstrom, G. E. KenKnight,  \"Insect Pests and Diseases of the Pecan. Agricultural Reviews and Manuals, ARM-S-5.\"  43 (1979)"},{"key":"297","unstructured":"J. A. Payne, S. G. Polles, D. Sparks, et al.  \"Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society.\"  11, \"The distribution, economic importance and chemical control of the tilehorned prionus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Georgia.\" 9 (1976)"},{"key":"298","unstructured":"J. A. Payne, D. Sparks, L. S. Jones,  \"Annual Report of the Northern Nut Growers Association.\"  65, \"Prionus root borers: Effects on nutrition, growth and yield of pecan, Carya illinoensis Koch.\" 33 (1974)"},{"key":"299","unstructured":"J. A. Payne, W. L. Tedders, C. R. Gentry,  \"The Pecan Quarterly.\"  4, \"Pecan borers threaten Georgia's crop yields.\" 3 (1970)"},{"key":"300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. B. Peck  and M. C. Thomas  \"A Distributional Checklist of the Beetles (Coleoptera) of Florida. Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas 16.\"  180 (1998)","DOI":"10.64338\/fsca.af.16.1dv2h"},{"key":"301","unstructured":"D. E. Perez-Gelabert  and D. B. Thomas  \"Boletin Sociedad Entomol\u00f3gica Aragonesa.\"  37, \"Stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of the island of Hispaniola, with seven new species from the Dominican Republic.\" 319 (2005)"},{"key":"302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. H. Perkins,  \"On Some Injurious Insects of Vermont.\"  39 (1878)","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.48571"},{"key":"303","unstructured":"J. K. Peterson,  \"Silvics of North America: Volume 2, Hardwoods. Agricultural Handbook 654.\"  \"Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, pecan, Juglandaceae, walnut family\" 205 (1990)"},{"key":"304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Piller  and L. Mitterpacher  \"Iter per Poseganam Sclavoniae provinciam mensibus Junio, et Julio anno MDCCLXXXII.\"  147 (1783)","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.34709"},{"key":"305","unstructured":"P. P. Pirone, J. R. Hartman, M. A. Sall, et al.  \"Tree Maintenance.\"  514 (1988)"},{"key":"306","unstructured":"\"Nomina Insecta Nearctica: A Check List of the Insects of North America. Volume 1: Coleoptera, Strepsiptera.\"  827 (1996)"},{"key":"307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. A. Popenoe,  \"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science.\"  5, \"A list of Kansas Coleoptera.\" 21 (1877)","DOI":"10.2307\/3623498"},{"key":"308","unstructured":"J. D. Putnam,  \"Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences.\"  1, \"List of Coleoptera found in the vicinity of Davenport, Iowa.\" 169 (1876)"},{"key":"309","unstructured":"S. S. Rathvon,  \"An Authentic History of Lancaster County, in the State of Pennsylvania.\"  \"Entomology\" 521 (1869)"},{"key":"310","unstructured":"\"The Cyclopedia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature. By Abraham Rees with the Assistance of Eminent Professional Gentleman. Illustrated with Numerous Engravings by the Most Distinguished Artists. Vol. XIX, [Part 1].\"  \"Indies, West.\" (1811)"},{"key":"311","unstructured":"L. Reh,  \"Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten. F\u00fcnfter Band. Tierische Sch\u00e4dlinge an Nutzpflanzen.ZweiterTeil.Vierte,neubearbeitete Auflage.\"  1032 (1932)"},{"key":"312","unstructured":"M. E. Rice,  \"The Coleopterists Bulletin.\"  35, \"Notes on Cerambycidae from Missouri.\" 459 (1982)"},{"key":"313","unstructured":"C.V. Riley,  \"First Annual Report on the Noxious, Beneficial and Other Insects, of the State of Missouri.\"  7 (1869)"},{"key":"314","unstructured":"C. V. Riley,  \"Second Annual Report on the Noxious, Beneficial and Other Insects, of the State of Missouri.\"  6 (1870a)"},{"key":"315","unstructured":"C. V. Riley,  \"The American Entomologist and Botanist.\"  2, \"Answers to correspondents: Some friends and foes.\" 340 (1870b)"},{"key":"316","unstructured":"C. V. Riley,  \"Third Annual Report on the Noxious, Beneficial and Other Insects, of the State of Missouri.\"  7 (1871)"},{"key":"317","unstructured":"C. V. Riley,  \"The Canadian Entomologist.\"  4, \"Stridulation in Orthosoma cylindricum Fabr.\" 139 (1872)"},{"key":"318","unstructured":"C. V. Riley,  \"The American Entomologist.\"  3, \"Food habits of the longicorn beetles or wood borers.\" 237 (1880)"},{"key":"319","unstructured":"C.V. Riley,  \"Catalogue of the Exhibit of Economic Entomology at the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, New Orleans, 1884\u2013'85.\"  95 (1884)"},{"key":"320","unstructured":"C. V. Riley,  \"USDA Division of Entomology Bulletin.\"  12, \"Notes of the year. [1885].\" 32 (1886)"},{"key":"321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. V. Riley,  \"Catalogue of the Exhibit of Economic Entomology at the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, Ill., 1893, Made Under the Direction of the Entomologist. Bulletin 31.\"  121 (1893)","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.49522"},{"key":"322","unstructured":"C. V. Riley  and L. O. Howard  \"Insect Life.\"  3, \"The grape-root Prionus.\" 407 (1891)"},{"key":"323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. H. Robinson,  \"Handbook of Urban Insects and Arachnids.\"  472 (2005)","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511542718"},{"key":"324","unstructured":"A. J. R\u00f6sel,  \"Der monatlich-herausgegebenen Insecten-Belustigung zweyter Theil, welcher acht Classen verschiedener sowohl inl\u00e4ndischer \/ als auch einitger ausl\u00e4ndischer Insecte enth\u00e4lt: Alle nach ihrem Ursprung, Verwandlung und andern wunderbaren Eigenschafften, gr\u00f6stenteils aus eigener Erfahrung beschrieben, und in sauber illuminirten Kupfern, nach dem Leben abgebildet, vorgestellet.\"  1 (1749)"},{"key":"325","unstructured":"\"Catalogue of the Contents of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Part I. Plants and Invertebrate Animals in the Dried State.\"  514 (1860)"},{"key":"327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. Saunders,  \"Insects Injurious to Fruits.\"  436 (1883)","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.146899"},{"key":"328","unstructured":"T. Say,  \"Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.\"  3, \"Descriptions of coleopterous insects collected in the late expedition to the Rocky Mountains, performed by order of Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under command of Major Long (Continued).\" 238 (1824)"},{"key":"329","unstructured":"J. C. G. Sch\u00e4ffer,  \"Versuch einer medicinischen Ortbeschreibung der Stadt Regensburg. Nebst einer kurzen Uebersicht der Krankheiten, welche in den Jahren 1784, 1785 und 1786 daselbst geherrscht haben.\"  \"Nahmen-Verzeichnis der Thiere, welche sich in unsrer Gegend vorfinden\" 189 (1787)"},{"key":"330","unstructured":"L. W. Schaufuss,  \"Nunquam otiosus: Mittheilungen aus dem Museum Ludwig Salvator.\"  3, \"Ueber die Arten der Gattung Prionus Geoffr., mit Ausnahme der amerikanischen.\" 467 (1879)"},{"key":"331","unstructured":"H. Schaum,  \"Archiv f\u00fcr Naturgeschichte.\"  19, \"Bericht \u00fcber die Leistungen in der Entomologie w\u00e4hrend des Jahres 1852.\" 141 (1853)"},{"key":"332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. A. Scheuereck,  \"Unterhaltungen in der Naturgeschichte aller Arten Insekten zum n\u00fctzlichen Gebrauch f\u00fcr die Jugend aus verschiedenen Schriften ber\u00fchmter Naturforscher zusammengetragen, mehrentheils aber aus eignen Beobachtungen und Erfahrungen verfertiger. Erster Band. Von den K\u00e4fern.\"  1 (1796)","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.16114"},{"key":"333","unstructured":"T. L. Schiefer,  \"Transactions of the American Entomological Society.\"  124, \"A preliminary list of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of Mississippi.\" 113 (1998a)"},{"key":"334","unstructured":"T. L. 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