{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T11:58:17Z","timestamp":1793447897198,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Asian Spine Journal (ASJ)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asianspinejournal.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cervical radiculopathy is characterized by neurological dysfunction caused by compression and inflammation of the spinal nerves or nerve roots of the cervical spine. It mainly presents with neck and arm pain, sensory loss, motor dysfunction, and reflex changes according to the dermatomal distribution. The most common causes of cervical radiculopathy are cervical disc herniation and cervical spondylosis. It is important to find the exact symptomatic segment and distinguish between conditions that may mimic certain cervical radicular compression syndromes through meticulous physical examinations and precise reading of radiographs. Non-surgical treatments are recommended as an initial management. Surgery is applicable to patients with intractable or persistent pain despite sufficient conservative management or with severe or progressive neurological deficits. Cervical radiculopathy is treated surgically by anterior and\/or posterior approaches. The appropriate choice of surgical treatment should be individualized, considering the patient\u2019s main pathophysiology, specific clinical symptoms and radiographic findings thoroughly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2020.0647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T18:55:35Z","timestamp":1608663335000},"page":"921-930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31616\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Cervical Radiculopathy Focus on Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.31616","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kyung-Chung","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16744","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.2.325"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31820d77ea"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(03)00041-X"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Cervical radiculopathy","author":"Ahlgren","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22317"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.1.0119"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.3.0489"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-198311000-00004"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Pain in the neck and arm: a multicentre trial of the effects of physiotherapy, arranged by the British Association of Physical Medicine","year":"1966"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.7.10.673"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(03)00039-1"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2007.11.003"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200301010-00014"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201150-00007"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198903000-00003"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/28.6.528"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198109000-00004"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181639b62"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"381","volume-title":"Applications of computed tomographic scanning of the cervical spine","author":"Dorwart","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"777","volume-title":"Cervical stenosis, spondylosis, and herniated disc disease","author":"Jahnke","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"391","volume-title":"Value of computed tomographic myelography in the recognition of cervical herniated disk","author":"Landman","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/028418518903000302"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.161.3.3786728"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"S236","volume-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of cervical radiculopathy","author":"Malanga","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.151.6.1205"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.10.019"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20120515"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(03)00036-6"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"5","volume-title":"A correlation between the operative findings in cervical herniated discs with the electromyograms and opaque myelograms","author":"Marinacci","year":"1966"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.12.1879"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199902)22:2<151::AID-MUS2>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Contribution of electromyography to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cervical disc disease: a study of 114 patients","author":"Negrin","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Preoperative electroneuromyography and myelography in cervical root compression","author":"Partanen","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199006000-00004"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/230949901001800320"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1999.3903218.x"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"601","volume-title":"Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis: an unusual complication of cervical spondylosis","author":"Buszek","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02688698809001012"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1354254"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199609000-00018"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8027.2002.02025.x"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"606","volume-title":"Pancoast tumor presenting as cervical radiculopathy","author":"Vargo","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5373.1607"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"214","volume-title":"Relationship between clinical and needle electromyography findings in patients with myotomal muscle weakness caused by cervical disk herniation: a long-term follow-up study","author":"Bahadir","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1189-0"},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"Acute cervical radiculopathy outcomes: soft disc herniations vs osteophytes","author":"Beckworth","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"S43","volume-title":"Oral prednisolone in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy: a randomized placebo controlled trial","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b3883"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060287"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199704010-00007"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"E405","volume-title":"Effectiveness of cervical epidural injections in the management of chronic neck and upper extremity pain","author":"Diwan","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.18.19606"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.17738"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2020.0323"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2018.0086"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.07.007"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199904000-00009"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/wjns.2015.51005"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822699fa"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14444\/7085"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12585"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4655-5"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2018.12.1.178"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.8.FOCUS14373"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Comparison of cervical sagittal alignment and kinematics after posterior full-endoscopic cervical foraminotomy and discectomy according to preoperative cervical alignment","author":"Won","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.148029"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.SPINE131110"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.01.013"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-970138"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.12.SPINE08576"}],"container-title":["Asian Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.asianspinejournal.org\/upload\/pdf\/asj-2020-0647.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.asianspinejournal.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.31616\/asj.2020.0647","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.asianspinejournal.org\/upload\/pdf\/asj-2020-0647.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T00:56:44Z","timestamp":1609203404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.asianspinejournal.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.31616\/asj.2020.0647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31616\/asj.2020.0647","relation":{},"ISSN":["1976-1902","1976-7846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1976-1902","type":"print"},{"value":"1976-7846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}