{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T08:09:38Z","timestamp":1772784578559,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Forum XXI","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["epsir"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The widespread adoption of digital technologies is transforming societies, bringing with it both opportunities and challenges. This article examines the level of digitalisation in different European Union (EU) countries, with the aim of providing insights and lessons for advancing digital transformation. The research methodology uses a quantitative approach, with Eurostat as the primary data source. Principal component and cluster analyses were conducted to identify the key factors shaping digital transformation in the EU-27 countries. The results show the existence of three key factors that can help to understand digital transformation in the EU, namely \u201cdigital empowerment\u201d, \u201cdigitalisation of enterprises\u201d and \u201cbroadband access\u201d, and four clusters with heterogeneous performances along these dimensions, classified as \u201cdigital access leaders\u201d, \u201cdigital transformation champions\u201d, \u201cdigital empowerment laggards\u201d and \u201cempowerment driven disparities\u201d. By recognising interdependencies and understanding each country's digital performance, policymakers can develop targeted strategies to close the gap and ensure that the benefits of digitalisation are accessible to all. An integrated approach focusing on digital empowerment, enterprise digitalisation and broadband access can promote inclusive and sustainable digital development, contributing to economic growth and improved quality of life.\r\nResumen\u00a0\r\nLa adopci\u00f3n generalizada de las tecnolog\u00edas digitales est\u00e1 transformando las sociedades, trayendo consigo tanto oportunidades como retos. Este art\u00edculo examina y analiza el nivel de digitalizaci\u00f3n en diferentes pa\u00edses de la Uni\u00f3n Europea (UE), con el objetivo de aportar ideas y lecciones para avanzar en la transformaci\u00f3n digital. La metodolog\u00eda de investigaci\u00f3n utiliza un enfoque cuantitativo, con Eurostat como fuente primaria de datos. Se realizaron an\u00e1lisis de componentes principales y de conglomerados para identificar los factores clave que configuran la transformaci\u00f3n digital en los pa\u00edses de la UE-27. Los resultados muestran la existencia de tres factores clave que pueden ayudar a comprender la transformaci\u00f3n digital en la UE, la \"capacitaci\u00f3n digital\", la \"digitalizaci\u00f3n de las empresas\" y el \"acceso de banda ancha\", y cuatro grupos con resultados heterog\u00e9neos en estas dimensiones, clasificados como \"l\u00edderes del acceso digital\", \"campeones de la transformaci\u00f3n digital\", \"rezagados de la capacitaci\u00f3n digital\" y \"disparidades impulsadas por la capacitaci\u00f3n\". Al reconocer las interdependencias y comprender el rendimiento digital de cada pa\u00eds, los responsables pol\u00edticos pueden desarrollar estrategias espec\u00edficas para cerrar la brecha y garantizar que los beneficios de la digitalizaci\u00f3n sean accesibles para todos. Un enfoque integrado centrado en el empoderamiento digital, la digitalizaci\u00f3n de las empresas y el acceso a la banda ancha puede promover un desarrollo digital inclusivo y sostenible que contribuya al crecimiento econ\u00f3mico y a la mejora de la calidad de vida.\r\nPalabras clave: transformaci\u00f3n digital; Uni\u00f3n Europea; digitalizaci\u00f3n; brecha digital; an\u00e1lisis factorial; an\u00e1lisis de conglomerados.\r\n\u00a0\r\nDOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31637\/epsir.23-1.2<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31637\/epsir-2023-233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T08:43:56Z","timestamp":1718700236000},"page":"20-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Digitalisation landscape in the European Union: Statistical insights for a Digital Transformation"],"prefix":"10.31637","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8497-4798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1781-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"2692","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"6432","unstructured":"Bria, F. 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