{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:42:59Z","timestamp":1791474179982,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Society for Free Radical Research Japan","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.18-116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]],"date-time":"2019-04-07T18:02:51Z","timestamp":1554660171000},"page":"34-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Green tea polyphenol (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) improves gut dysbiosis and serum bile acids dysregulation in high-fat diet-fed mice"],"prefix":"10.3164","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Ushiroda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Naito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohisa","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsura","family":"Mizushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuki","family":"Higashimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenta","family":"Yasukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Matsuzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshito","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1739","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1 Hashimoto E, Taniai M, Tokushige K. Characteristics and diagnosis of NAFLD\/NASH. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28: 64\u201370.","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12271"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2 Chu H, Duan Y, Yang L, Schnabl B. Small metabolites, possible big changes: a microbiota-centered view of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut 2019; 68: 359\u2013370.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316307"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3 Mouzaki M, Bandsma R. Targeting the gut microbiota for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Drug Targets 2015; 16: 1324\u20131331.","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450116666150416120351"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4 Saltzman ET, Palacios T, Thomsen M, Vitetta L. Intestinal microbiome shifts, dysbiosis, inflammation, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Microbiol 2018; 9: 61.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00061"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5 Hildebrandt MA, Hoffmann C, Sherrill-Mix SA, et al. High-fat diet determines the composition of the murine gut microbiome independently of obesity. Gastroenterology 2009; 137: 1716\u20131724.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.042"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6 Loomba R, Seguritan V, Li W, et al. Gut microbiome-based metagenomic signature for non-invasive detection of advanced fibrosis in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Metab 2017; 25: 1054\u20131062.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.001"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7 Natividad JM, Lamas B, Pham HP, et al. <i>Bilophila wadsworthia<\/i> aggravates high fat diet induced metabolic dysfunctions in mice. Nat Commun 2018; 9: 2802.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05249-7"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8 Campbell JM, Fahey GC Jr, Wolf BW. Selected indigestible oligosaccharides affect large bowel mass, cecal and fecal short-chain fatty acids, pH and microflora in rats. J Nutr 1997; 127: 130\u2013136.","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.1.130"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9 Dumas ME, Barton RH, Toye A, et al. Metabolic profiling reveals a contribution of gut microbiota to fatty liver phenotype in insulin-resistant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103: 12511\u201312516.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601056103"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10 Verbeke KA, Boobis AR, Chiodini A, et al. Towards microbial fermentation metabolites as markers for health benefits of prebiotics. Nutr Res Rev 2015; 28: 42\u201366.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422415000037"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11 Pimentel M, Mathur R, Chang C. Gas and the microbiome. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2013; 15: 356.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-013-0356-y"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"12 Caussy C, Hsu C, Lo MT, et al. Link between gut-microbiome derived metabolite and shared gene-effects with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in NAFLD. Hepatology 2018. DOI: 10.1002\/hep.29892","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29892"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13 Matsuzaki J, Suzuki H, Asakura K, et al. Gallstones increase the prevalence of Barrett\u2019s esophagus. J Gastroenterol 2010; 45: 171\u2013178.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-009-0153-4"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14 Matsuzaki J, Suzuki H, Tsugawa H, et al. Bile acids increase levels of microRNAs 221 and 222, leading to degradation of CDX2 during esophageal carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2013; 145: 1300\u20131311.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.08.008"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15 Nishizawa T, Suzuki H, Takahashi M, Kaneko H, Suzuki M, Hibi T. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid and endoscopic sphincterotomy in long-term stenting for common bile duct stones. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28: 63\u201367.","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12012"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16 Murakami M, Iwamoto J, Honda A, et al. Detection of gut dysbiosis due to reduced <i>Clostridium<\/i> subcluster XIVa using the fecal or serum bile acid profile. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24: 1035\u20131044.","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy022"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17 Higashimura Y, Naito Y, Takagi T, et al. Protective effect of agaro-oligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310: G367\u2013G375.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00324.2015"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18 Song WY, Aihara Y, Hashimoto T, Kanazawa K, Mizuno M. (\u2013)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces secretion of anorexigenic gut hormones. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57: 164\u2013169.","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.15-50"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19 Tipoe GL, Leung TM, Liong EC, Lau TY, Fung ML, Nanji AA. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) reduces liver inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in mice. Toxicology 2010; 273: 45\u201352.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2010.04.014"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20 Kochi T, Shimizu M, Terakura D, et al. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and preneoplastic lesions develop in the liver of obese and hypertensive rats: suppressing effects of EGCG on the development of liver lesions. Cancer Lett 2014; 342: 60\u201369.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.08.031"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21 Bose M, Lambert JD, Ju J, Reuhl KR, Shapses SA, Yang CS. The major green tea polyphenol, (\u2013)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, inhibits obesity, metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver disease in high-fat-fed mice. J Nutr 2008; 138: 1677\u20131683.","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.9.1677"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22 Park HJ, DiNatale DA, Chung MY, et al. Green tea extract attenuates hepatic steatosis by decreasing adipose lipogenesis and enhancing hepatic antioxidant defenses in ob\/ob mice. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22: 393\u2013400.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2010.03.009"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23 Xiao J, Ho CT, Liong EC, et al. Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rat model through TGF\/SMAD, PI3 K\/Akt\/FoxO1, and NF-kappa B pathways. Eur J Nutr 2014; 53: 187\u2013199.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-013-0516-8"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24 Chen YK, Cheung C, Reuhl KR, et al. Effects of green tea polyphenol (\u2013)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on newly developed high-fat\/Western-style diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome in mice. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59: 11862\u201311871.","DOI":"10.1021\/jf2029016"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25 Zhou J, Farah BL, Sinha RA, et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, stimulates hepatic autophagy and lipid clearance. PLoS One 2014; 9: e87161.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087161"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26 Bae UJ, Park J, Park IW, et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-rich green tea extract ameliorates fatty liver and weight gain in mice fed a high fat diet by activating the sirtuin 1 and AMP activating protein kinase pathway. Am J Chin Med 2018; 46: 617\u2013632.","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X18500325"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"27 Chen C, Liu Q, Liu L, Hu YY, Feng Q. Potential biological effects of (\u2013)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. DOI: 10.1002\/mnfr.201700483","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700483"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28 Unno T, Sakuma M, Mitsuhashi S. Effect of dietary supplementation of (\u2013)-epigallocatechin gallate on gut microbiota and biomarkers of colonic fermentation in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2014; 60: 213\u2013219.","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.60.213"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29 Sheng L, Jena PK, Liu HX, et al. Obesity treatment by epigallocatechin-3-gallate-regulated bile acid signaling and its enriched <i>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/i>. FASEB J 2018. DOI: fj201800370R","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800370R"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30 Sae-Tan S, Grove KA, Kennett MJ, Lambert JD. (\u2013)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate increases the expression of genes related to fat oxidation in the skeletal muscle of high fat-fed mice. Food Funct 2011; 2: 111\u2013116.","DOI":"10.1039\/c0fo00155d"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31 Schneider K, Oltmanns J, Hassauer M. Allometric principles for interspecies extrapolation in toxicological risk assessment--empirical investigations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2004; 39: 334\u2013347.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2004.03.001"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32 Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 1957; 226: 497\u2013509.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33 Matsumoto M, Inoue R, Tsuruta T, Hara H, Yajima T. Long-term oral administration of cows\u2019 milk improves insulin sensitivity in rats fed a high-sucrose diet. Br J Nutr 2009; 102: 1324\u20131333.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509990365"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34 Inoue R, Sawai T, Sawai C, et al. A preliminary study of gut dysbiosis in children with food allergy. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81: 2396\u20132399.","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2017.1383849"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35 Edgar RC. Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST. Bioinformatics 2010; 26: 2460\u20132461.","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq461"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36 Caporaso JG, Kuczynski J, Stombaugh J, et al. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat Methods 2010; 7: 335\u2013336.","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37 McMurdie PJ, Holmes S. phyloseq: an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS One 2013; 8: e61217.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38 Ando M, Kaneko T, Watanabe R, et al. High sensitive analysis of rat serum bile acids by liquid chromatography\/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40: 1179\u20131186.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2005.09.013"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39 Bashiardes S, Shapiro H, Rozin S, Shibolet O, Elinav E. Non-alcoholic fatty liver and the gut microbiota. Mol Metab 2016; 5: 782\u2013794.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.06.003"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40 He C, Cheng D, Peng C, Li Y, Zhu Y, Lu N. High-fat diet induces dysbiosis of gastric microbiota prior to gut microbiota in association with metabolic disorders in mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 9: 639.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00639"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41 Takagi T, Naito Y, Inoue R, et al. Differences in gut microbiota associated with age, sex, and stool consistency in healthy Japanese subjects. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54: 53\u201363.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-018-1488-5"},{"key":"42","unstructured":"42 Cano PG, Santacruz A, Trejo FM, Sanz Y. BifidobacteriumCECT 7765 improves metabolic and immunological alterations associated with obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21: 2310\u20132321."},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43 Arab JP, Karpen SJ, Dawson PA, Arrese M, Trauner M. Bile acids and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular insights and therapeutic perspectives. Hepatology 2017; 65: 350\u2013362.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28709"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44 Takagaki A, Kato Y, Nanjo F. Isolation and characterization of rat intestinal bacteria involved in biotransformation of (\u2013)-epigallocatechin. Arch Microbiol 2014; 196: 681\u2013695.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-014-1006-y"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45 Takagaki A, Nanjo F. Bioconver. of (\u2013)-epicatechin, (+)-epicatechin, (\u2013)-catechin, and (+)-catechin by (\u2013)-epigallocatechin-metabolizing bacteria. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38: 789\u2013794.","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b14-00813"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46 Liu Z, Chen Z, Guo H, et al. The modulatory effect of infusions of green tea, oolong tea, and black tea on gut microbiota in high-fat-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2016; 7: 4869\u20134879.","DOI":"10.1039\/C6FO01439A"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47 Zhou K. Strategies to promote abundance of <i>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/i>, an emerging probiotics in the gut, evidence from dietary intervention studies. J Funct Foods 2017; 33: 194\u2013201.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.03.045"},{"key":"48","unstructured":"48 Anh\u00ea FF, Roy D, Pilon G, et al. A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased <i>Akkermansia spp<\/i>. population in the gut microbiota of mice. Gut 2015; 64: 872\u2013883."},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49 Roopchand DE, Carmody RN, Kuhn P, et al. Dietary polyphenols promote growth of the gut bacterium <i>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/i> and attenuate high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 2015; 64: 2847\u20132858.","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1916"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50 Masumoto S, Terao A, Yamamoto Y, Mukai T, Miura T, Shoji T. Non-absorbable apple procyanidins prevent obesity associated with gut microbial and metabolomic changes. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 31208.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31208"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51 Naito Y, Uchiyama K, Takagi T. A next-generation beneficial microbe: <i>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/i>. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 63: 33\u201335.","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.18-57"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52 Schneeberger M, Everard A, G\u00f3mez-Valad\u00e9s AG, et al. <i>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/i> inversely correlates with the onset of inflammation, altered adipose tissue metabolism and metabolic disorders during obesity in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5: 16643.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16643"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53 Sayin SI, Wahlstr\u00f6m A, Felin J, et al. Gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism by reducing the levels of tauro-beta-muricholic acid, a naturally occurring FXR antagonist. Cell Metab 2013; 17: 225\u2013235.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.003"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"54 Martin G, Kolida S, Marchesi JR, Want E, Sidaway JE, Swann JR. <i>In vitro<\/i> modeling of bile acid processing by the human fecal microbiota. Front Microbiol 2018; 9: 1153.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01153"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jcbn\/65\/1\/65_18-116\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T07:58:57Z","timestamp":1663228737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jcbn\/65\/1\/65_18-116\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3164\/jcbn.18-116","relation":{},"ISSN":["0912-0009","1880-5086"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0912-0009","type":"print"},{"value":"1880-5086","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}