{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T19:01:35Z","timestamp":1793646095274,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Salvia Medical Sciences Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702857600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GMJ"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Multiple studies have investigated the serum concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in preeclampsia, but the results have been contradictory. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels in patients with preeclampsia and those in the healthy pregnancies. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in various online databases, including PubMed\/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane library to identify relevant studies on Ca and Mg levels in preeclampsia up to July 2023. Inter-study heterogeneity across the included studies was assessed using the chi-square test and I2 statistic. Pooled effect size (ES) was calculated as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 76 articles (comprising 92 studies) were included, with a combined sample size of 10,482 participants (preeclampsia: n=3,991; controls: n=6,491). The random-effects model revealed significantly lower levels of calcium (WMD=-0.807 mg\/dL, 95% CI: -0.983, -0.632, P&lt;0.01) and magnesium (WMD=-0.215, 95% CI: -0.338, -0.092, P&lt;0.01) in women with pre-eclampsia compared to the control group. However, the overall pooled WMD for calcium and magnesium levels did not significantly change when individual studies were excluded one by one. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrates that the circulating levels of calcium and magnesium in patients with preeclampsia are significantly lower than those in the control group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31661\/gmj.v12i.3151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T16:23:05Z","timestamp":1702916585000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Women Presenting with Pre-eclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Observational Studies: Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Women with Pre-eclampsia"],"prefix":"10.31661","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Arqavan","family":"Eslamzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Mohammad amin","family":"Kashani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Asadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Bazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahla","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Karimimoghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peyman","family":"Nowrouzi-Sohrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Tabrizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16705","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"container-title":["Galen Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T07:49:18Z","timestamp":1703663358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.salviapub.com\/index.php\/gmj\/article\/view\/3151"}},"subtitle":["Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Women with Pre-eclampsia"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31661\/gmj.v12i.3151","relation":{},"ISSN":["2322-2379","2588-2767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2322-2379","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2588-2767","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]}}}