{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T08:40:07Z","timestamp":1747989607450,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Salvia Medical Sciences Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]],"date-time":"2025-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747526400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Galen Med J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) remains a leading global cause of mortality. While smoking is widely recognized, opium use poses a significant health concern. This study aimed to investigate the association between opium dependence and the clinical outcomes of patients experiencing ACS. Materials and Method: This study, conducted on 165 patients with ST\u2011elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and Non-ST\u2011elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) referred to the Qom Heart Center, Qom, Iran from 2022 to 2024. The patients were categorized in two groups: 81 opium-dependent patients based on DSM-V criteria as a case group and 84 non-opium-dependent patients as a control group, and their clinical outcomes were compared. Results: Coronary artery involvement was significantly more severe in opium-dependent patients ie three vessel disease (3VD) or left main stenosis (LM) involvement in the opium-dependent group was 48.1% versus 28.6% in the non-opium-dependent group, (P-value=0.01). Prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and delay in hospital admission and the hospitalization days were higher in the opium-dependent group. LVEF at the admission did not differ between the two groups, but left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) three months later was higher in the opium-dependent group. Rehospitalization, arrhythmia, mechanical complications, need for CABG, and mortality during the initial hospitalization did not differ between the two groups. The mortality of the patients in the six-month follow-up was 6.5% in the opium-dependent group and 8.6% in the non-opium-dependent group (P-value=0.61) which did not show a significant difference. This issue shows the lack of significant role of opium consumption in the mortality of patients. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a strong association between opium dependence and a more severe clinical presentation of ACS, characterized by a higher burden of coronary artery disease. Although initial LVEF recovery appeared faster in opium-dependent individuals, the overall impact on long-term mortality remained inconclusive within the six-month follow-up period.\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31661\/gmj.vi.3545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T08:05:16Z","timestamp":1747987516000},"page":"e3545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How Does Opium Dependency Affect the Myocardial Infarction Outcomes?"],"prefix":"10.31661","author":[{"given":"Shahriar","family":"Shirkhoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Somayyeh","family":"Norouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mansoor","family":"Namazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Amir","family":"Hoseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"16705","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]]},"container-title":["Galen Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.salviapub.com\/index.php\/gmj\/article\/download\/3545\/3180","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.salviapub.com\/index.php\/gmj\/article\/download\/3545\/3181","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.salviapub.com\/index.php\/gmj\/article\/download\/3545\/3180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T08:05:16Z","timestamp":1747987516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.salviapub.com\/index.php\/gmj\/article\/view\/3545"}},"subtitle":["Opium Dependency and Myocardial Infarction Outcomes"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31661\/gmj.vi.3545","relation":{},"ISSN":["2322-2379","2588-2767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2322-2379","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2588-2767","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]]}}}