{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T04:39:55Z","timestamp":1786423195998,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1227,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,4]],"date-time":"2015-07-04T19:51:47Z","timestamp":1436039507000},"page":"6188-6201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Concentrations of luteinizing hormone and ovulatory responses in dairy cows before timed artificial insemination"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"S.L.","family":"Pulley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.H.","family":"Keisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.S.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0277","article-title":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induced ovulation and luteinizing hormone release in beef heifers: Effect of day of the cycle","volume":"86","author":"Atkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.10.001","article-title":"Double-Ovsynch in high-producing dairy cows: Effects on progesterone concentrations and ovulation to GnRH treatments","volume":"79","author":"Ayres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72378-5","article-title":"Optimizing ovulation to first GnRH improved outcomes to each hormonal injection of Ovsynch in lactating dairy cows","volume":"89","author":"Bello","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0409","article-title":"Altering the time of the second gonadotropin-releasing hormone injection and artificial insemination (AI) during Ovsynch affects pregnancies per AI in lactating dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Brusveen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4723","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72522-X","article-title":"Survey of management practices on reproductive performance of dairy cattle on large U. S. commercial farms","volume":"89","author":"Caraviello","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2007.12.005","article-title":"Progesterone concentrations, follicular development, and induction of cyclicity in dairy cows receiving intravaginal progesterone inserts","volume":"110","author":"Cerri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4205","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72466-3","article-title":"Reproduction in dairy cows following progesterone inserts presynchronization and resynchronization protocols","volume":"89","author":"Chebel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0040","series-title":"MS Thesis","article-title":"Efficacy of synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs for control of ovulation during estrus synchronization protocols","author":"Cline","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2006.11.004","article-title":"Effect of plasma progesterone concentrations on LH release and ovulation in beef cattle given GnRH","volume":"34","author":"Colazo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72321-9","article-title":"Effect of sire fertility and timing of artificial insemination in a Presynch + Ovsynch protocol on first-service pregnancy rates","volume":"89","author":"Cornwell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(03)00033-2","article-title":"Effects of pre-synchronization using combinations PGF2\u03b1 and (or) GnRH on pregnancy rates of Ovsynch- and Cosynch-treated lactating Holstein cows","volume":"77","author":"DeJarnette","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2010.04.002","article-title":"Progesterone concentration, estradiol pretreatment, and dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-mediated luteinizing hormone release in beef heifers","volume":"39","author":"Dias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73248-8","article-title":"Pregnancy in dairy cows after synchronized ovulation regimens with or without presynchronization and progesterone","volume":"87","author":"El-Zarkouny","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(94)77212-X","article-title":"Principal descriptors of body condition score in Holstein cows","volume":"77","author":"Ferguson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4212","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0182","article-title":"Reducing the interval from presynchronization to initiation of timed artificial insemination improves fertility in dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"Galv\u00e3o","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5155","article-title":"Effect of progesterone on magnitude of the luteinizing hormone surge induced by two different doses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in lactating dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"Giordano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(87)80173-X","article-title":"Transport and fate of spermatozoa after insemination of cattle","volume":"70","author":"Hawk","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7003","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5260","article-title":"Presynchronization with Double-Ovsynch improves fertility at first postpartum artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"Herlihy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4226","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0901","article-title":"Effect of time of artificial insemination and supplemental estradiol on reproduction of lactating dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Hillegass","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(83)90023-4","article-title":"The rate of functional sperm transport into the oviducts of mated cows","volume":"5","author":"Hunter","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod35.2.300","article-title":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone at estrus: Luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone during the periestrual and postinsemination periods in dairy cattle","volume":"35","author":"Lucy","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0110","first-page":"125","article-title":"The effects of 3 gonadorelin products on luteinizing hormone release, ovulation, and follicular wave emergence in cattle","volume":"44","author":"Martinez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"issue":"E-Suppl. 1","key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0115","first-page":"408","article-title":"Evaluating reproductive outcomes in United States Holstein dairies","volume":"93","author":"Moeller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)74600-0","article-title":"Effects of presynchronization and bovine somatotropin on pregnancy rates to a timed artificial insemination protocol in lactating dairy cows","volume":"84","author":"Moreira","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73307-X","article-title":"A modified presynchronization protocol improves fertility to timed artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows","volume":"87","author":"Navanukraw","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0130","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74322-1","article-title":"Fertility of lactating dairy cows treated with Ovsynch after presynchronization injections of PGF2\u03b1 and GnRH","volume":"85","author":"Peters","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72758-2","article-title":"Pregnancy rates in lactating dairy cows after presynchronization of estrous cycles and variations of the Ovsynch protocol","volume":"88","author":"Portaluppi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75790-X","article-title":"Effect of time of artificial insemination on pregnancy rates, calving rates, pregnancy loss, and gender ratio after synchronization of ovulation in lactating dairy cows","volume":"81","author":"Pursley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4984","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4225","article-title":"Reproductive performance of grazing dairy cows following presynchronization and resynchronization protocols","volume":"94","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4921","article-title":"Effects of presynchronization and length of proestrus on fertility of grazing dairy cows subjected to a 5-day timed artificial insemination protocol","volume":"95","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1005","article-title":"Effects of method of presynchronization and source of selenium on uterine health and reproduction in dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Rutigliano","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2870","article-title":"Effect of reducing the period of follicle dominance in a timed AI protocol on reproduction of dairy cows","volume":"93","author":"Santos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73235-X","article-title":"Comparison of ovarian function and circulating steroids in estrous cycles of Holstein heifers and lactating cows","volume":"87","author":"Sartori","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod32.3.574","article-title":"Pituitary luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptors in ovariectomized cows after challenge with ovarian steroids","volume":"32","author":"Schoenemann","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.03.014","article-title":"A new presynchronization system (Double-Ovsynch) increases fertility at first postpartum timed AI in lactating dairy cows","volume":"70","author":"Souza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.02.016","article-title":"Comparison of gonadorelin products in lactating dairy cows: Efficacy based on induced of ovulation of an accessory follicle and circulating luteinizing hormone profiles","volume":"72","author":"Souza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.01.004","article-title":"Effect of timing of Cosynch on fertility of lactating Holstein cows after first postpartum and Resynch timed-AI services","volume":"67","author":"Sterry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3375","article-title":"Alternative programs to presynchronize estrous cycles in dairy cattle before a timed artificial insemination program","volume":"94","author":"Stevenson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5542","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0475","article-title":"Factors influencing upfront single and multiple-ovulation incidence, progesterone, and luteolysis before a timed insemination resynchronization protocol","volume":"90","author":"Stevenson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6513","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5707","article-title":"Pregnancy per artificial insemination after presynchronizing estrous cycles with the Presynch-10 protocol or prostaglandin F2\u03b1 injection followed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone before Ovsynch-56 in 4 dairy herds of lactating dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"Stevenson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4767","article-title":"Prostaglandin F2\u03b1 and gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration improve progesterone status, luteal number, and proportion of ovular and anovular dairy cows with corpora lutea before a timed artificial insemination program","volume":"95","author":"Stevenson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.2527\/1992.7061904x","article-title":"Influence of an agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (buserelin) on estrus synchronization and fertility in beef cows","volume":"70","author":"Twagiramungu","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00195-8","article-title":"Synchronization rate, size of the ovulatory follicle, and pregnancy rate after synchronization of ovulation beginning on different days of the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows","volume":"52","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(96)76517-7","article-title":"Time of ovulation relative to mounting activity in dairy cattle","volume":"79","author":"Walker","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19840411","article-title":"Sperm transport into the oviducts of heifers mated early in oestrus","volume":"24","author":"Wilmut","year":"1984","journal-title":"Reprod. Nutr. Dev."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.10.003","article-title":"Changes in reproductive physiology of lactating dairy cows due to elevated steroid metabolism","volume":"65","author":"Wiltbank","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9473_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.09.017","article-title":"The cow as an induced ovulator: Timed AI after synchronization of ovulation","volume":"81","author":"Wiltbank","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theriogenology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030215004531?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030215004531?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030215004531","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T21:36:11Z","timestamp":1731101771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030215004531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030215004531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2015-9473","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}}}