{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T14:32:33Z","timestamp":1785767553255,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]],"date-time":"2018-02-22T00:50:12Z","timestamp":1519260612000},"page":"4143-4157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effects of forage source and forage particle size as a free-choice provision on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and behavior of dairy calves fed texturized starters"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Omidi-Mirzaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Azarfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.H.","family":"Ghaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib1","series-title":"Official Methods of Analysis","author":"AOAC","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib2","series-title":"S424.1. Method of determining and expressing particle size of chopped forage materials by sieving","author":"ASAE","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(00)74993-9","article-title":"Crop processing and chop length of corn silage: Effects on intake, digestion, and milk production by dairy cows","volume":"83","author":"Bal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6332","article-title":"Interactions of alfalfa hay and sodium propionate on dairy calf performance and rumen development","volume":"97","author":"Beiranvand","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3713","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2943","article-title":"An evaluation of Brix refractometry instruments for measurement of colostrum quality in dairy cattle","volume":"93","author":"Bielmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4405","article-title":"Effect of different forage sources on performance and feeding behavior of Holstein calves","volume":"95","author":"Castells","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5226","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6419","article-title":"Effects of forage provision to young calves on rumen fermentation and development of the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"96","author":"Castells","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1958.172284x","article-title":"Utilization and\/or synthesis of valeric acid during the digestion of glucose, starch and cellulose by rumen micro-organism in vitro","volume":"17","author":"Cline","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(68)87212-1","article-title":"Ingestion control in growing ruminant animals by the components of cell-wall constituents","volume":"51","author":"Colburn","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73380-9","article-title":"Effect of various levels of forage and form of diet on rumen development and growth in calves","volume":"87","author":"Coverdale","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3979","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8863","article-title":"The effect of restricted milk feeding through conventional or step-down methods with or without forage provision in starter feed on performance of Holstein bull calves","volume":"93","author":"Daneshvar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12442","article-title":"Effects of forage offering method on performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, and nutritional behavior in Holstein dairy calves","volume":"100","author":"EbnAli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76207-6","article-title":"A new method of measuring diet abrasion and its effect on the development of the forestomach","volume":"80","author":"Greenwood","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0935","article-title":"Effects of the amount of chopped hay or cottonseed hulls in a textured calf starter on young calf performance","volume":"91","author":"Hill","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)30578-7","article-title":"Roughage amount, source, and processing for diets fed to weaned dairy calves","volume":"26","author":"Hill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prof. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115002499","article-title":"Determining optimum age of Holstein dairy calves when adding chopped alfalfa hay to meal starter diets based on measures of growth and performance","volume":"10","author":"Hosseini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11561","article-title":"Effects of forage provision to dairy calves on growth performance and rumen fermentation: A meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"100","author":"Imani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib18","series-title":"Guide to the Care and use of Experimental Animals","author":"Iranian Council of Animal Care","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9975","article-title":"Invited review: Transitioning from milk to solid feed in dairy heifers","volume":"99","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3547","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3871","article-title":"Hay intake improves performance and rumen development of calves fed higher quantities of milk","volume":"94","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73773-4","article-title":"Modification of the Penn State forage and total mixed ration particle separator and the effects of moisture content on its measurements","volume":"86","author":"Kononoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3343","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73937-X","article-title":"The effect of corn silage particle size on eating behavior, chewing activities, and rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows","volume":"86","author":"Kononoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.731250x","article-title":"Prevention in vitro lactate accumulation in ruminal fermentation with Megasphaera elsdenii","volume":"73","author":"Kung","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5661","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4273","article-title":"Short communication: Effect of calf starter on rumen pH of Holstein dairy calves at weaning","volume":"94","author":"Laarman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4788","article-title":"Effects of feeding a calf starter on molecular adaptations in the ruminal epithelium and liver of Holstein dairy calves","volume":"95","author":"Laarman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73479-7","article-title":"Effects of corn processing on growth characteristics, rumen development, and rumen parameters in neonatal dairy calves","volume":"87","author":"Lesmeister","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2016.08.024","article-title":"Effects of substituting grain with forage or nonforage fiber source on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and chewing activity of dairy calves","volume":"221","author":"Maktabi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6415","article-title":"Effect of early exposure to mixed rations differing in forage particle size on feed sorting of dairy calves","volume":"96","author":"Miller-Cushon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11592","article-title":"Growth performance, feeding behavior, and selected blood metabolites of Holstein dairy calves fed restricted amounts of milk: No interactions between sources of finely ground grain and forage provision","volume":"100","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12229","article-title":"Effects of supplementation level and particle size of alfalfa hay on growth characteristics and rumen development in dairy calves","volume":"99","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9670","article-title":"Interactions between the physical form of starter (mashed versus textured) and corn silage provision on performance, rumen fermentation, and structural growth of Holstein calves","volume":"94","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5731","article-title":"Effect of physical form of forage on performance, feeding behavior, and digestibility of Holstein calves","volume":"96","author":"Montoro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19790098","article-title":"Some factors associated with the difference in nutritive value of artificially dried red clover and perennial ryegrass for sheep","volume":"42","author":"Moseley","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12527","article-title":"Effects of different forage sources as a free-choice provision on the performance, nutrient digestibility, selected blood metabolites and structural growth of Holstein dairy calves","volume":"101","author":"Movahedi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12185","article-title":"Effects of grain source and marginal change in lucerne hay particle size on feed sorting, eating behaviour, chewing activity, and milk production in mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows","volume":"98","author":"Nasrollahi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7131","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-9144","article-title":"Rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, and growth performance of calves during transition from liquid to solid feed: Effects of dietary level and particle size of alfalfa hay","volume":"98","author":"Nemati","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib37","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle","author":"NRC","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9997","article-title":"Effect of feed type and method of presentation on feeding behavior, intake, and growth of dairy calves fed a high level of milk","volume":"99","author":"Overvest","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.12.016","article-title":"Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: The physiological causes, incidence and consequences","volume":"176","author":"Plaizier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9884","article-title":"Straw particle size in calf starters: Effects on digestive system development and rumen fermentation","volume":"99","author":"Suarez-Mena","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8151","article-title":"Interaction between the physical form of the starter feed and straw provision on growth performance of Holstein calves","volume":"98","author":"Terr\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5217","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6304","article-title":"What do preweaned and weaned calves need in the diet: A high fiber content or a forage source?","volume":"96","author":"Terr\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2009.05.009","article-title":"Effect of roughage level in a total mixed ration on feed intake, ruminal fermentation patterns and chewing activity of early weaned calves with ad libitum access to grass hay","volume":"153","author":"van Ackeren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","article-title":"Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber nonstarch polysaccharide in relation to animal nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Van Soest","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(86)80446-5","article-title":"Effect of forage quality on intake and forage-concentrate interactions","volume":"69","author":"Waldo","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13990_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7706","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-7961","article-title":"Effects of alfalfa and cereal straw as a forage source on nutrient digestibility and lactation performance in lactating dairy cows","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030218301620?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030218301620?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030218301620","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T22:10:05Z","timestamp":1731103805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030218301620"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030218301620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2017-13990","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}}}