{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T16:45:54Z","timestamp":1779209154694,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]],"date-time":"2018-08-17T13:07:23Z","timestamp":1534511243000},"page":"9463-9471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Training method for animal-based measures in dairy cattle welfare assessments"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"S.L.","family":"Croyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.G.R.","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.J.","family":"LeBlanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.B.","family":"Haley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.K.","family":"Khosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.F.","family":"Kelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13336","article-title":"Canadian Dairy Study: Herd-level milk quality","volume":"101","author":"Bauman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90018-V","article-title":"Bias, prevalence and Kappa","volume":"46","author":"Byrt","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib3","author":"Canadian Dairy Research Portal"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4365","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2115","article-title":"Using gait score, walking speed, and lying behavior to detect hoof lesions in dairy cows","volume":"92","author":"Chapinal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib5","unstructured":"Chen, B., D. Zaebst, and L. Seel. 2005. A macro to calculate kappa statistics for categorizations by multiple raters. SUGI 30 proceedings, April 10\u201313, 2005. Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026256","article-title":"Weighted kappa: Nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit","volume":"70","author":"Cohen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib7","author":"Dairy Farmers of Canada"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(95)76857-6","article-title":"Validation of body condition scores with ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat of dairy cows","volume":"78","author":"Domecq","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031619","article-title":"Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters","volume":"76","author":"Fleiss","year":"1971","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72077-X","article-title":"Effect of hoof pathologies on subjective assessments of dairy gait","volume":"89","author":"Flower","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-6783","article-title":"Technical note: A comparison of 2 methods of assessing lameness prevalence in tiestall herds","volume":"97","author":"Gibbons","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.7120\/09627286.21.3.379","article-title":"A training programme to ensure high repeatability of injury scoring of dairy cows","volume":"21","author":"Gibbons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Welf."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib13","series-title":"Handbook of Inter-Rater Reliability: The Definitive Guide to Measuring the Extent of Agreement Among Raters","author":"Gwet","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.08.1.p023","article-title":"Computing inter-rater reliability for observational data: An overview and tutorial","volume":"8","author":"Hallgren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tutor. Quant. Methods Psychol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600000865","article-title":"On-farm welfare assessment in cattle: validity, reliability and feasibility issues and future perspectives with special regard to the Welfare Quality\u00ae approach","volume":"18","author":"Knierim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Welf."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1648","article-title":"Assessing lameness in cows kept in tie-stalls","volume":"92","author":"Leach","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.86.2.255","article-title":"Assessor training strategies and their effects on accuracy, interrater reliability, and discriminant validity","volume":"86","author":"Lievens","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib19","author":"National Farm Animal Care Council"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6577","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12171","article-title":"Technical note: Assessing lameness in tie-stalls using live stall lameness scoring","volume":"100","author":"Palacio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3589","article-title":"Animal behavior and well-being symposium: Farm animal welfare assurance: science and application","volume":"89","author":"Rushen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0496","article-title":"Evaluation of a lameness scoring system for dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Thomsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6359","article-title":"Development and implementation of a training program to ensure high repeatability of body condition scoring of dairy cows","volume":"96","author":"Vasseur","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14469_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600025641","article-title":"Animal-based measures for the assessment of welfare state of dairy cattle, pigs and laying hens: Consensus of expert opinion","volume":"12","author":"Whay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim. Welf."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030218307446?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030218307446?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030218307446","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T21:29:13Z","timestamp":1731101353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030218307446"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030218307446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2018-14469","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}}}