{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:50:20Z","timestamp":1789771820605,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T04:30:56Z","timestamp":1538022656000},"page":"11310-11320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Effect of estrous expression on timing and failure of ovulation of Holstein dairy cows using automated activity monitors"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Tracy A.","family":"Burnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam","family":"Polsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manveen","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronaldo L.A.","family":"Cerri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4653","article-title":"Effects of management and health on the use of activity monitoring for estrus detection in dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"Aungier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102776","article-title":"Effect of signs of oestrus, disease stressors and cow activity on pregnancy rate following artificial insemination","volume":"176","author":"Bijker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4694","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72520-6","article-title":"Endocrine alterations associated with extended time interval between estrus and ovulation in high-yield dairy cows","volume":"89","author":"Bloch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73823-5","article-title":"Relationships among milk yield, body condition, cow weight, and reproduction in spring-calved Holstein-Friesians","volume":"86","author":"Buckley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5005","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12246","article-title":"Integrating an automated activity monitor into an artificial insemination program and the associated risk factors affecting reproductive performance of dairy cows","volume":"100","author":"Burnett","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00076-2","article-title":"Nutritional interactions with reproductive performance in dairy cattle","volume":"60\u201361","author":"Butler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib7","series-title":"The Care and Use of Farm Animals in Research, Teaching and Testing","author":"Canadian Council for Animal Care","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)74690-5","article-title":"Effect of time of insemination on number of accessory sperm, fertilization rate, embryo quality in nonlactating dairy cattle","volume":"84","author":"Dalton","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5073","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0223","article-title":"Factors affecting conception rates following artificial insemination or embryo transfer in lactation Holstein cows","volume":"90","author":"Demetrio","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(03)00099-X","article-title":"Effects of nutrition and metabolic status on circulating hormones and ovarian follicle development in cattle","volume":"78","author":"Diskin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2007.00906.x","article-title":"The high-producing dairy cow and its reproductive performance","volume":"42","author":"Dobson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75758-3","article-title":"Timing of insemination for dairy cows identified in estrus by a radiotelemetric estrus detection system","volume":"81","author":"Dransfield","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(89)79081-0","article-title":"A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows","volume":"72","author":"Edmonson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72077-X","article-title":"Effect of hoof pathologies on subjective assessments of dairy cow gait","volume":"89","author":"Flower","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(59)90693-9","article-title":"Estrus, estrous cycles, ovulation time, time of service and fertility of dairy cattle in Louisiana","volume":"42","author":"Hall","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1611","article-title":"Effect of lameness on the calving-to-conception interval in dairy cows","volume":"218","author":"Hernandez","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75236-7","article-title":"Post-partum body condition score and results from the first test day milk yield as predictors of disease, fertility, yield, and culling in commercial dairy herds","volume":"82","author":"Heuer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib18","first-page":"e107","article-title":"Evaluation of a neck mounted 2-hourly activity meter system for detecting cows about to ovulate in two paddock-based Australian dairy herds","volume":"45","author":"Hockey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d2344","article-title":"Comparison of oestrus detection methods in dairy cattle","volume":"169","author":"Holman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73790-4","article-title":"Effects of GnRH administered to cows at the onset of estrus on timing of ovulation, endocrine responses, and conception","volume":"86","author":"Kaim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-6226(94)90170-8","article-title":"Cystic ovarian disease in Dutch dairy cattle I. Incidence, risk factors and consequences","volume":"38","author":"Laporte","year":"1994","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2003.10.009","article-title":"Relationship between level of milk production and estrous behavior of lactating dairy cows","volume":"81","author":"Lopez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.06.010","article-title":"Ovulation failure and double ovulation in dairy cattle: Risk factors and effects","volume":"63","author":"L\u00f3pez-Gatius","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7003","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9672","article-title":"Factors affecting expression of estrus measured by activity monitors and conception risk of lactating dairy cows","volume":"98","author":"Madureira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(02)01152-4","article-title":"The association between lameness, ovarian cysts and fertility in lactating dairy cows","volume":"59","author":"Melendez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(00)00274-0","article-title":"Effect of body condition on reproductive efficiency of lactating dairy cows receiving a timed insemination","volume":"53","author":"Moreira","year":"2000","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib27","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle","author":"NRC","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1989.50.03.368","article-title":"Suppression of preovulatory luteinizing hormone surges in heifers after intrauterine infusions of Escherichia coli endotoxin","volume":"50","author":"Peter","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00196-2","article-title":"The role of LH pulse frequency in ACTH-induced ovarian follicular cysts in heifers","volume":"64","author":"Ribadu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.61.979","article-title":"Lack of LH response to exogenous estradiol in heifers with ACTH-induced ovarian follicular cysts","volume":"61","author":"Ribadu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2489","article-title":"Effect of bovine somatotropin (500\u2005mg) administered at ten-day intervals on ovulatory responses, expression of estrus, and fertility in dairy cows","volume":"93","author":"Rivera","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)72639-5","article-title":"Associations among body condition score, body weight, and reproductive performance in seasonal-calving dairy cattle","volume":"90","author":"Roche","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5769","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2431","article-title":"Invited review: Body condition score and its association with dairy cow productivity, health, and welfare","volume":"92","author":"Roche","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.07.005","article-title":"Effects of insemination-ovulation interval on fertilization rates and embryo characteristics in dairy cattle","volume":"66","author":"Roelofs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.04.004","article-title":"Pedometer readings for estrous detection and as predictor for time of ovulation in dairy cattle","volume":"64","author":"Roelofs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.07.009","article-title":"Various behavioral signs of estrous and their relationship with time of ovulation in dairy cattle","volume":"63","author":"Roelofs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00137-8","article-title":"Relationship of seminal traits and insemination time to fertilization rate and embryo quality","volume":"60\u201361","author":"Saacke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2003.09.009","article-title":"The variability in the interval between estrus and ovulation in cattle and its determinants","volume":"85","author":"Saumande","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.077370","article-title":"Defining postpartum uterine disease and the mechanisms of infection and immunity in the female reproductive tract in cattle","volume":"81","author":"Sheldon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8484","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12160","article-title":"Daily lying behavior of lactating Holstein cows during an estrus synchronization protocol and its associations with fertility","volume":"100","author":"Silper","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"E. Suppl.","key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E128","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)70207-X","article-title":"Reproductive management of dairy cows in high milk-producing herds","volume":"84","author":"Stevenson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4296","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7873","article-title":"Ovulation timing and conception risk after automated activity monitoring in lactating dairy cows","volume":"97","author":"Stevenson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3858","article-title":"Body temperature around induced estrus in dairy cows","volume":"94","author":"Suthar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7115","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5639","article-title":"Assessment of an accelerometer system for detection of estrus and treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone at the time of insemination in lactating dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"Valenza","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74177-5","article-title":"The relationship between estrous behavioral score and time of ovulation in dairy cattle","volume":"85","author":"Van Eerdenburg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:2006003","article-title":"Aetiology and pathogenesis of cystic ovarian follicles in dairy cattle: A review","volume":"46","author":"Vanholder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod. Nutr. Dev."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(96)76517-7","article-title":"Time of ovulation relative to mounting activity in dairy cattle","volume":"79","author":"Walker","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15151_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00656-2","article-title":"Physiological classification of anovulatory conditions in cattle","volume":"57","author":"Wiltbank","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theriogenology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030218309019?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030218309019?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030218309019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T17:28:46Z","timestamp":1755710926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030218309019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030218309019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2018-15151","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}}}