{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:33:45Z","timestamp":1790069625466,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T21:17:44Z","timestamp":1564003064000},"page":"8839-8849","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Feeding forages with reduced particle size in a total mixed ration improves feed intake, total-tract digestibility, and performance of organic dairy cows"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2575-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Haselmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Zehetgruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4336-5830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit","family":"Fuerst-Waltl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Zollitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9909-5422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilhelm","family":"Knaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5188-9004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qendrim","family":"Zebeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2264","article-title":"Increasing intravenous infusions of glucose improve body condition but not lactation performance in midlactation dairy cows","volume":"92","author":"Al-Trad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(00)75030-2","article-title":"Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle","volume":"83","author":"Allen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib3","series-title":"ANSI\/ASAE S424.1 MAR1992 (R2017). Method of determining and expressing particle size of chopped forage materials by screening","author":"ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers)","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30794-5","article-title":"Ingestion and mastication of feed by dairy cattle","author":"Beauchemin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4762","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13706","article-title":"Invited review: Current perspectives on eating and rumination activity in dairy cows","volume":"101","author":"Beauchemin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73641-8","article-title":"Effects of particle size of alfalfa-based dairy cow diets on chewing activity, ruminal fermentation, and milk production","volume":"86","author":"Beauchemin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7264","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9467","article-title":"Effects of partly replacing dietary starch with fiber and fat on milk production and energy partitioning","volume":"98","author":"Boerman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73721-7","article-title":"Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows","volume":"86","author":"Broderick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5572","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0370","article-title":"Dietary forage concentration affects the feed sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"DeVries","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3958","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1347","article-title":"Repeated ruminal acidosis challenges in lactating dairy cows at high and low risk for developing acidosis: Feed sorting","volume":"91","author":"DeVries","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15926","article-title":"Influence of particle size and density on mean retention time in the rumen of dairy cows","volume":"102","author":"Dufreneix","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10285","article-title":"Feeding of wheat bran and sugar beet pulp as sole supplements in high-forage diets emphasizes the potential of dairy cattle for human food supply","volume":"99","author":"Ertl","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib13","unstructured":"European Commission. 2008. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 889\/2008 of 5 September 2008."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib14","series-title":"Recommendations for the Supply of Energy and Nutrients to Dairy Cows and Heifers. Committee for Requirement Standards of the Society of Nutrition Physiology. German Society of Nutrition Physiology, ed","author":"GfE","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib15","first-page":"199","article-title":"Prediction of metabolizeable energy of compound feeds for ruminants","volume":"17","author":"GfE","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76309-4","article-title":"Milk urea nitrogen as a tool to monitor the protein nutrition of dairy cows","volume":"80","author":"Hof","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4588","article-title":"Nutrient demand interacts with grass particle length to affect digestion responses and chewing activity in dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"Kammes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1080\/1745039X.2018.1474004","article-title":"Effects of feeding high-quality hay with graded amounts of concentrate on feed intake, performance and blood metabolites of cows in early lactation","volume":"72","author":"Kleefisch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73773-4","article-title":"Modification of the Penn State Forage and Total Mixed Ration Particle Separator and the effects of moisture content on its measurements","volume":"86","author":"Kononoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3343","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73937-X","article-title":"The effect of corn silage particle size on eating behavior, chewing activities, and rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows","volume":"86","author":"Kononoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2016.10.007","article-title":"Validation of a noseband sensor system for monitoring ruminating activity in cows under different feeding regimens","volume":"193","author":"Kr\u00f6ger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73634-0","article-title":"Effect of quantity, quality, and length of alfalfa hay on selective consumption by dairy cows","volume":"86","author":"Leonardi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76075-2","article-title":"Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows","volume":"80","author":"Mertens","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11983","article-title":"Feed sorting in dairy cattle: Causes, consequences, and management","volume":"100","author":"Miller-Cushon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12185","article-title":"Effects of grain source and marginal change in lucerne hay particle size on feed sorting, eating behaviour, chewing activity, and milk production in mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows","volume":"98","author":"Nasrollahi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8926","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9681","article-title":"A meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of forage particle size, level, source, and preservation method on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and performance in dairy cows","volume":"98","author":"Nasrollahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.012","article-title":"A meta-analysis and meta-regression of the impact of particle size, level, source and preservation method of forages on chewing behavior and ruminal fermentation in dairy cows","volume":"219","author":"Nasrollahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75271-9","article-title":"Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage: Effects on dry matter intake and milk yield of dairy cows","volume":"82","author":"Oba","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001317","article-title":"Marker concentration patterns of labelled leaf and stem particles in the rumen of cattle grazing bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) analysed by reference to a raft model","volume":"85","author":"Poppi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72064-1","article-title":"Invited review: Methods to determine body fat reserves in the dairy cow with special regard to ultrasonographic measurement of backfat thickness","volume":"89","author":"Schr\u00f6der","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.821129x","article-title":"Energy requirements of cattle for standing and for ingestion, estimated by a ruminal emptying technique","volume":"82","author":"Susenbeth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.76102701x","article-title":"Energy requirement for eating in cattle","volume":"76","author":"Susenbeth","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/00039420412331273259","article-title":"Digesta characteristics of dorsal, middle and ventral rumen of cows fed with different hay qualities and concentrate levels","volume":"58","author":"Tafaj","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.020","article-title":"A meta-analysis examining effects of particle size of total mixed rations on intake, rumen digestion and milk production in high-yielding dairy cows in early lactation","volume":"138","author":"Tafaj","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-003-4151-0","article-title":"The effect of cellobiose, glucose, and cellulose on the survival of Fibrobacter succinogenes A3C cultures grown under ammonia limitation","volume":"48","author":"Thomas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)71632-6","article-title":"Dietary energy source in dairy cows in early lactation: Energy partitioning and milk composition","volume":"90","author":"van Knegsel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib37","series-title":"Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln","author":"VDLUFA (Association of German Agricultural Analytic and Research Institutes)","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9551","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-12765","article-title":"Physically adjusted neutral detergent fiber system for lactating dairy cow rations. I: Deriving equations that identify factors that influence effectiveness of fiber","volume":"100","author":"White","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173111100005X","article-title":"Re-defining efficiency of feed use by livestock","volume":"5","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4421","article-title":"Invited review: Role of physically effective fiber and estimation of dietary fiber adequacy in high-producing dairy cattle","volume":"95","author":"Zebeli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0810","article-title":"Evaluation of the response of ruminal fermentation and activities of nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes to particle length of corn silage in dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Zebeli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib42","first-page":"165","article-title":"New aspects on the contribution of ruminal mat quality on digesta kinetics in reticulorumen of high-producing dairy cows","volume":"34","author":"Zebeli","year":"2006","journal-title":"\u00dcbersicht zur Tierern\u00e4hrung"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16191_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-354","article-title":"Effects of varying dietary forage particle size in two concentrate levels on chewing activity, ruminal mat characteristics, and passage in dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"Zebeli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002203021930637X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002203021930637X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002203021930637X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T21:34:59Z","timestamp":1731101699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002203021930637X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S002203021930637X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2018-16191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}}}