{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:16:31Z","timestamp":1789010191328,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T12:35:21Z","timestamp":1576499721000},"page":"3846-3855","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Symposium review: The impact of management and facilities on cow culling rates"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4224-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.B.","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3170","article-title":"Survey of quality defects in market beef and dairy cows and bulls sold through livestock auction markets in the Western United States: I. Incidence rates.","volume":"89","author":"Ahola","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4961","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5169","article-title":"The welfare of dairy cows is improved in relation to cleanliness and integument alterations on the hocks and lameness when sand is used as stall surface.","volume":"95","author":"Andreasen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10391","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15049","article-title":"Implications of prolonged milking time on time budgets and lying behavior of cows in large pasture-based dairy herds.","volume":"101","author":"Beggs","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029909990227","article-title":"Influence of milk yield, stage of lactation, and body condition on dairy cattle lying behaviour measured using an automated activity monitoring sensor.","volume":"77","author":"Bewley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.06.007","article-title":"Control and prevention of lameness associated with claw lesions in dairy cows.","volume":"156","author":"Bicalho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2010.10.006","article-title":"Impact of lameness on gait characteristics and lying behaviour of zero grazed dairy cattle in early lactation.","volume":"129","author":"Blackie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4115","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73554-7","article-title":"Effect of lameness on culling in dairy cows.","volume":"87","author":"Booth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5664","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11526","article-title":"Machine-learning-based calving prediction from activity, lying, and ruminating behaviors in dairy cattle.","volume":"100","author":"Borchers","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8369","article-title":"Cluster analysis of Dairy Herd Improvement data to discover trends in performance characteristics in large Upper Midwest dairy herds.","volume":"98","author":"Brotzman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8245","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-9264","article-title":"Survey of facility and management characteristics of large, Upper Midwest dairy herds clustered by Dairy Herd Improvement records.","volume":"98","author":"Brotzman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3855","article-title":"The effect of lameness on the resting behavior and metabolic status of dairy cattle during the transition period in a freestall-housed dairy herd.","volume":"94","author":"Calderon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0404","article-title":"A comparison of hoof lesions and behaviour in pregnant and early lactation heifers at housing.","volume":"159","author":"Chaplin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-6923","article-title":"Stocking density, milking duration, and lying times of lactating cows on Canadian freestall dairy farms.","volume":"97","author":"Charlton","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2018.10.008","article-title":"Designing facilities for the adult dairy cow during the nonlactation and early lactation period.","volume":"35","author":"Cook","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73422-0","article-title":"Effect of free stall surface on daily activity patterns in dairy cows with relevance to lameness prevalence.","volume":"87","author":"Cook","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5879","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-10956","article-title":"Management characteristics, lameness, and body injuries of dairy cattle housed in high-performance dairy herds in Wisconsin.","volume":"99","author":"Cook","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0910","article-title":"Comfort zone-design free stalls: Do they influence the stall use behavior of lame cows?","volume":"91","author":"Cook","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-634","article-title":"The effect of heat stress and lameness on time budgets of lactating dairy cows.","volume":"90","author":"Cook","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.09.016","article-title":"The influence of the environment on dairy cow behavior, claw health and herd lameness dynamics.","volume":"179","author":"Cook","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)71601-6","article-title":"Two- or four-hour lying deprivation on the behavior of lactating dairy cows.","volume":"90","author":"Cooper","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1532","article-title":"The association between foot lesions and culling risk in Ontario Holstein cows.","volume":"92","author":"Cramer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2018.11.001","article-title":"A descriptive study of the clinical condition of cull dairy cows before transport to slaughter.","volume":"218","author":"Dahl-Pedersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5985","article-title":"Associations of housing, management, milking activity and standing and lying behavior of dairy cows milked in automated systems.","volume":"96","author":"Deming","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4184","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11847","article-title":"Economic trade-offs between genetic improvement and longevity in dairy cattle.","volume":"100","author":"De Vries","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2018.10.003","article-title":"Feeding behavior, feed space, and bunk design and management for adult dairy cattle.","volume":"35","author":"DeVries","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-4032","article-title":"Association of standing and lying behavior patterns and incidence of intramammary infection in dairy cows milked with an automatic milking system.","volume":"94","author":"DeVries","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72579-6","article-title":"Prevalence of lameness in high-producing Holstein cows housed in freestall barns in Minnesota.","volume":"89","author":"Espejo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(01)00246-9","article-title":"The effects of feed restriction and lying deprivation on pituitary-adrenal axis regulation in lactating cows.","volume":"73","author":"Fisher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-794","article-title":"Overstocking reduces lying time in dairy cows.","volume":"90","author":"Fregonesi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5468","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0494","article-title":"Effects of bedding quality on lying behavior of dairy cows.","volume":"90","author":"Fregonesi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5772","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3436","article-title":"Time budgets of lactating dairy cattle in commercial freestall herds.","volume":"93","author":"Gomez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15035","article-title":"New insights into the association between lameness, behavior, and performance in Simmental cows.","volume":"102","author":"Grimm","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.06.012","article-title":"Impact of lameness and claw lesions in cows on health and production.","volume":"156","author":"Huxley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72923-4","article-title":"Changes in feeding, drinking, and standing behavior of dairy cows during the transition period.","volume":"88","author":"Huzzey","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-7932","article-title":"Clinical ketosis and standing behavior in transition cows.","volume":"98","author":"Itle","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-6861","article-title":"Associations between herd-level factors and lying behavior of freestall-housed dairy cows.","volume":"97","author":"Ito","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2951","article-title":"Lying behavior as an indicator of lameness in dairy cows.","volume":"93","author":"Ito","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4412","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2235","article-title":"Lying behavior: Assessing within- and between-herd variation in free-stall-housed dairy cows.","volume":"92","author":"Ito","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2004.08.006","article-title":"The effect of reward duration on demand functions for rest in dairy heifers and lying requirements as measured by demand functions.","volume":"90","author":"Jensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15349","article-title":"Prevalence of lameness and associated risk factors on dairy farms in the Maritime Provinces of Canada.","volume":"102","author":"Jewell","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7473","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11185","article-title":"Short communication: Association of lying behavior and subclinical ketosis in transition dairy cows.","volume":"99","author":"Kaufman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8358","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-12723","article-title":"Deviations in behavior and productivity data before diagnosis of health disorders in cows milked with an automated system.","volume":"100","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4818","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12281","article-title":"Cow-level associations of lameness, behavior, and milk yield of cows milked in automated systems.","volume":"100","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9069","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11329","article-title":"Associations of herd-level housing, management, and lameness prevalence with productivity and cow behavior in herds with automated milking systems.","volume":"99","author":"King","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.09.007","article-title":"Effects of housing, parturition and diet change on the biochemistry and biomechanics of the support structures of the hoof of dairy heifers.","volume":"174","author":"Knott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4687","article-title":"Short-term increases in stocking density affect the lying and social behavior, but not the productivity, of lactating Holstein dairy cows.","volume":"95","author":"Krawczel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2018.11.002","article-title":"Lying time and its importance to the dairy cow: Impact of stocking density and time budget stresses.","volume":"35","author":"Krawczel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0212823","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212823","article-title":"Effects of acute lying and sleep deprivation on the behavior of lactating dairy cows.","volume":"14","author":"Kull","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5129","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2945","article-title":"Evaluation of data loggers, sampling intervals, and editing techniques for measuring the lying behavior of dairy cattle.","volume":"93","author":"Ledgerwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8492","article-title":"Effect of stocking density on social, feeding, and lying behavior of prepartum dairy animals.","volume":"98","author":"Lobeck-Luchterhand","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(92)90085-G","article-title":"Variations in blood flow to and from the bovine mammary gland measured using transit time ultrasound and dye dilution.","volume":"53","author":"Metcalf","year":"1992","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(85)90010-3","article-title":"The reaction of cows to a short-term deprivation of lying.","volume":"13","author":"Metz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10580","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14519","article-title":"Associations between the general condition of culled dairy cows and selling price at Ontario auction markets.","volume":"101","author":"Moorman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6516","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12467","article-title":"Effects of changing freestall area on lameness, lying time, and leg injuries on dairy farms in Alberta, Canada.","volume":"100","author":"Morabito","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib55","first-page":"172","article-title":"Deprivation of lying down affects behaviour and pituitary-adrenal axis responses in young bulls.","volume":"49","author":"Munksgaard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Scand. A Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2004.11.005","article-title":"Quantifying behavioural priorities\u2014Effects of time constraints on behaviour of dairy cows, Bos taurus.","volume":"92","author":"Munksgaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas93-087","article-title":"Effects of social and physical stressors on growth hormone levels in dairy cows.","volume":"73","author":"Munksgaard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.2527\/1996.744769x","article-title":"Behavioral and pituitary adrenal-axis responses of dairy cows to social isolation and deprivation of lying down.","volume":"74","author":"Munksgaard","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3796","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11970","article-title":"Risk factors associated with postpartum subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows.","volume":"100","author":"Neves","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4512","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10202","article-title":"Linking bone development on the caudal aspect of the distal phalanx with lameness during life.","volume":"99","author":"Newsome","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76026-0","article-title":"Bovine acidosis: Implications on laminitis.","volume":"80","author":"Nocek","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6495","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15891","article-title":"Thermodynamics of standing and lying behavior in lactating dairy cows in freestall and parlor holding pens during conditions of heat stress.","volume":"102","author":"Nordlund","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4317","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7512","article-title":"Short communication: Lameness impairs feeding behavior of dairy cows.","volume":"97","author":"Norring","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0452","article-title":"Effects of sand and straw bedding on the lying behavior, cleanliness, and hoof and hock injuries of dairy cows.","volume":"91","author":"Norring","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2015.11.022","article-title":"The effect of lying motivation on cow behaviour.","volume":"176","author":"Norring","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3458","article-title":"Milk yield affects time budget of dairy cows in tie-stalls.","volume":"95","author":"Norring","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3713","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6308","article-title":"Sire predicted transmitting ability for conformation and yield traits and previous lactation incidence of foot lesions as risk factors for the incidence of foot lesions in Holstein cows.","volume":"96","author":"Oikonomou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)74692-9","article-title":"The effects on production and behavior of mixing uniparous and multiparous cows.","volume":"84","author":"Phillips","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3362","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15387","article-title":"Associations of postpartum lying time with culling, milk yield, cyclicity, and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows.","volume":"102","author":"Pi\u00f1eiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3116","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1718","article-title":"Competition at the feed bunk changes the feeding, standing, and social behavior of transition dairy cows.","volume":"92","author":"Proudfoot","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3970","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2767","article-title":"Behavior during transition differs for cows diagnosed with claw horn lesions in mid lactation.","volume":"93","author":"Proudfoot","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3766","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8863","article-title":"Low body condition predisposes cattle to lameness: An 8-year study of one dairy herd.","volume":"98","author":"Randall","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13439","article-title":"The contribution of previous lameness events and body condition score to the occurrence of lameness in dairy herds: A study of 2 herds.","volume":"101","author":"Randall","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.07.002","article-title":"Use of statistical modelling to investigate the pathogenesis of claw horn disruption lesions in dairy cattle.","volume":"238","author":"Randall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200305000-00015","article-title":"Risk factors for plantar fasciitis: A matched case-control study.","volume":"85","author":"Riddle","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1017\/S135772980005061X","article-title":"The effects of group size on the ingestive and social behaviour of grazing dairy cows.","volume":"68","author":"Rind","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7865","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9866","article-title":"Association of bedding types with management practices and indicators of milk quality on larger Wisconsin dairy farms.","volume":"98","author":"Rowbotham","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(72)80136-2","article-title":"The relevance of drowsiness in the circadian cycle of farm animals.","volume":"20","author":"Ruckebusch","year":"1972","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(74)90932-9","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in cattle.","volume":"78","author":"Ruckebusch","year":"1974","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8586","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13925","article-title":"Housing, management characteristics, and factors associated with lameness, hock lesion, and hygiene of lactating dairy cattle on Upper Midwest United States dairy farms using automatic milking systems.","volume":"101","author":"Salfer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9439","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14674","article-title":"Claw horn lesions in mid-lactation primiparous dairy cows under pasture-based systems: Association with behavioral and metabolic changes around calving.","volume":"101","author":"Sep\u00falveda-Varas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6334","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8357","article-title":"Lying behavior and postpartum health status in grazing dairy cows.","volume":"97","author":"Sep\u00falveda-Varas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10336","article-title":"Associations between lying behavior and lameness in Canadian Holstein-Friesian cows housed in freestall barns.","volume":"99","author":"Solano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2001.0651","article-title":"Biomechanical and histopathological changes in the support structures of bovine hooves around the time of first calving.","volume":"163","author":"Tarlton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2012.05.005","article-title":"Sleep in dairy cows recorded with a non-invasive EEG technique.","volume":"140","author":"Ternman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5458","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15950","article-title":"Rapid eye movement sleep time in dairy cows changes during the lactation cycle.","volume":"102","author":"Ternman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.06.046","article-title":"Locomotion scores and lying behaviour are indicators of hoof lesions in dairy cows.","volume":"193","author":"Thomsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-577","article-title":"Milking cows once daily influences behavior and udder firmness at peak and mid lactation.","volume":"90","author":"Tucker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73419-0","article-title":"Bedding on geotextile mattresses: How much is needed to improve cow comfort?","volume":"87","author":"Tucker","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73271-3","article-title":"Free-stall dimensions: Effects on preference and stall usage.","volume":"87","author":"Tucker","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72337-2","article-title":"Brisket boards reduce freestall use.","volume":"89","author":"Tucker","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-4019","article-title":"A study on cow comfort and risk for lameness and mastitis in relation to different types of bedding materials.","volume":"94","author":"van Gastelen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4968","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5176","article-title":"Sampling cows to assess lying time for on-farm animal welfare assessment.","volume":"95","author":"Vasseur","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4127","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6440","article-title":"Risk factors for postpartum problems in dairy cows: Explanatory and predictive modeling.","volume":"97","author":"Vergara","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4352","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14818","article-title":"Associations between on-farm cow welfare indicators and productivity and profitability on Canadian dairies: II. On tiestall farms.","volume":"102","author":"Villettaz Robichaud","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4341","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14817","article-title":"Associations between on-farm animal welfare indicators and productivity and profitability on Canadian dairies: I. On freestall farms.","volume":"102","author":"Villettaz Robichaud","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.21423\/bovine-vol52no2p109-119","article-title":"An intercontinental survey of commercial abattoirs: Preliminary data on the prevalence of advanced pre-slaughter health and welfare conditions in mature cows.","volume":"52","author":"Vogel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bov. Pract."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7399","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5807","article-title":"Benchmarking cow comfort on North American freestall dairies: Lameness, leg injuries, lying time, facility design, and management for high-producing Holstein dairy cows.","volume":"95","author":"von Keyserlingk","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13120","article-title":"Moderate lameness leads to marked behavioral changes in dairy cows.","volume":"101","author":"Weigele","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9737","article-title":"Lying times of lactating cows on dairy farms with automatic milking systems and the relation to lameness, leg lesions, and body condition score.","volume":"99","author":"Westin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17140_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6546","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5670","article-title":"Short communication: Lying behavior of lactating dairy cows is influenced by lameness especially around feeding time.","volume":"95","author":"Yunta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002203021931080X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002203021931080X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002203021931080X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T16:42:29Z","timestamp":1731084149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002203021931080X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S002203021931080X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2019-17140","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}}}