{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T05:30:32Z","timestamp":1768714232389,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NC-2042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NC-2042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T21:21:22Z","timestamp":1569446482000},"page":"11040-11050","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of feeding different amounts of milk replacer on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in Holstein calves to 2 months of age using different weaning strategies"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8485-6831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.N.","family":"Klopp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1546-5893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.X.","family":"Suarez-Mena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3424-5498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.S.","family":"Dennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1304-5016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.M.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5305-3945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.L.","family":"Schlotterbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9052-7935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.J.","family":"Lascano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1987.6441215x","article-title":"Ruminal microbial development in conventionally or early-weaned calves","volume":"64","author":"Anderson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib2","series-title":"Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. 1","author":"AOAC International","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E55","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)70061-2","article-title":"Rumen development, intestinal growth and hepatic metabolism in the pre- and postweaning ruminant","volume":"87","author":"Baldwin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.2527\/2006.8461454x","article-title":"Growth and body composition of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing different amounts of protein at two feeding rates","volume":"84","author":"Bartlett","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75768-6","article-title":"Effects of form of the diet on anatomical, microbial, and fermentative development of the rumen of neonatal calves","volume":"81","author":"Beharka","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1605","article-title":"Comparison of refractometers and test endpoints in the measurement of serum protein concentration to assess passive transfer status in calves","volume":"221","author":"Calloway","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11886","article-title":"Nitrogen utilization, preweaning nutrient digestibility, and growth effects of Holstein dairy calves fed 2 amounts of a moderately high protein or conventional milk replacer","volume":"100","author":"Chapman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73380-9","article-title":"Effect of various levels of forage and form of diet on rumen development and growth in calves","volume":"87","author":"Coverdale","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3554","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3923","article-title":"Effect of intensified feeding of heifer calves on growth, pubertal age, calving age, milk yield, and economics","volume":"94","author":"Davis Rincker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13692","article-title":"Effect of milk replacer feeding rate, age at weaning, and method of reducing milk replacer to weaning on digestion, performance, rumination, and activity in dairy calves to 4 months of age","volume":"101","author":"Dennis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60111a017","article-title":"Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances","volume":"28","author":"DuBois","year":"1956","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib12","series-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching","author":"FASS","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(00)00164-7","article-title":"Effects of early separation on the dairy cow and calf: 2. Separation at 1 day and 2 weeks after birth","volume":"70","author":"Flower","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4090","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12010","article-title":"Comparison of immune responses in calves fed heat-treated or unheated colostrum","volume":"100","author":"Gelsinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/92.1.42","article-title":"Analysis of starch, including maltooligosaccharides, in animal feeds: A comparison of methods and a method recommended for AOAC collaborative study","volume":"92","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0860","article-title":"Effects of milk replacer composition on growth, body composition, and nutrient excretion in preweaned Holstein heifers","volume":"91","author":"Hill","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)31036-6","article-title":"Effects of the feeding rate of high protein calf milk replacers","volume":"23","author":"Hill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prof. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2458","article-title":"Effect of milk replacer program on digestion of nutrients in dairy calves","volume":"93","author":"Hill","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)30364-8","article-title":"Methods of reducing milk replacer to prepare dairy calves for weaning when large amounts of milk replacer have been fed","volume":"28","author":"Hill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prof. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0610","article-title":"Optimal concentrations of lysine, methionine, and threonine in milk replacers for calves less than five weeks of age","volume":"91","author":"Hill","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8103","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11239","article-title":"Effect of milk replacer program on calf performance and digestion of nutrients in dairy calves to 4 months of age","volume":"99","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6352","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10812","article-title":"Effect of milk replacer feeding rate and functional fatty acids on dairy calf performance and digestion of nutrients","volume":"99","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3936","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3935","article-title":"Fatty acid intake alters growth and immunity in milk-fed calves","volume":"94","author":"Hill","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3054","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74391-9","article-title":"Effects of ad libitum milk intake on dairy calves","volume":"85","author":"Jasper","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3733","article-title":"Invited review: Effects of milk ration on solid feed intake, weaning, and performance in dairy heifers","volume":"94","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73495-5","article-title":"Invited review: Guidelines for measuring and reporting calf and heifer experimental data","volume":"87","author":"Kertz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)30245-X","article-title":"Review: A historical perspective of specific milk-replacer feeding programs in the United States and effects on eventual performance of Holstein dairy calves","volume":"29","author":"Kertz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prof. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(79)83508-0","article-title":"An early weaning calf program: Summarization and review","volume":"62","author":"Kertz","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3376","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0104","article-title":"Structural growth, rumen development, and metabolic and immune responses of Holstein male calves fed milk through step-down and conventional methods","volume":"90","author":"Khan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)71571-0","article-title":"Pre- and postweaning performance of Holstein female calves fed milk through step-down and conventional methods","volume":"90","author":"Khan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib31","series-title":"The Detergent System of Analysis and its Application to Human Foods","author":"Robertson","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3327","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5107","article-title":"Influence of starter protein content on growth of dairy calves in an enhanced early nutrition program","volume":"95","author":"Stamey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4955","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10351","article-title":"Development and physiology of the rumen and the lower gut: Targets for improving gut health","volume":"99","author":"Steele","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4365","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72483-3","article-title":"Effects of supplementing concentrates differing in carbohydrate composition in veal calf diets: I. Animal performance and rumen fermentation characteristics","volume":"89","author":"Su\u00e1rez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-9193","article-title":"Digestive development in neonatal dairy calves with either whole or ground oats in the calf starter","volume":"98","author":"Suarez-Mena","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3845","article-title":"Effects of including corn distillers dried grains with solubles in dairy calf feeds","volume":"94","author":"Suarez-Mena","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2427","article-title":"Duration of weaning, starter intake, and weight gain of dairy calves fed large amounts of milk","volume":"93","author":"Sweeney","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(62)89406-5","article-title":"Effect of various dietaries on the anatomical development of the stomach in the calf","volume":"45","author":"Tamate","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2006.10.001","article-title":"Effect of level of milk replacer fed to Holstein calves on performance during the preweaning period and starter digestibility at weaning","volume":"110","author":"Terr\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1977.442282x","article-title":"Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies","volume":"44","author":"Van Keulen","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","article-title":"Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Van Soest","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(82)82223-6","article-title":"A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics","volume":"65","author":"Wildman","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17153_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7226","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9393","article-title":"The influence of age and weaning on permeability of the gastrointestinal tract in Holstein bull calves","volume":"98","author":"Wood","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030219308586?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030219308586?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030219308586","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T21:38:50Z","timestamp":1731101930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030219308586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030219308586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2019-17153","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}}}