{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T11:28:24Z","timestamp":1793532504741,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T16:54:04Z","timestamp":1570121644000},"page":"11798-11804","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Symposium review: Predicting pregnancy loss in dairy cattle"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8507-6578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan D.","family":"Ealy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary K.","family":"Seekford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.2527\/1992.703924x","article-title":"The use of ultrasound in monitoring reproductive physiology of beef cattle","volume":"70","author":"Beal","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.01.061","article-title":"Ultrasound fetal measurements and pregnancy associated glycoprotein secretion in early pregnancy in cattle recipients carrying somatic clones","volume":"66","author":"Chavatte-Palmer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)74629-2","article-title":"Assessment of a commercially available early conception factor (ECF) test for determining pregnancy status of dairy cattle","volume":"84","author":"Cordoba","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14616-1","article-title":"Low levels of exosomal-miRNAs in maternal blood are associated with early pregnancy loss in cloned cattle","volume":"7","author":"De Bem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00673.x","article-title":"Control of interferon-tau expression during early pregnancy in ruminants","volume":"61","author":"Ealy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12703","article-title":"Pregnancy loss in dairy cattle: Relationship of ultrasound, blood pregnancy-specific protein B, progesterone and production variables","volume":"51","author":"Gabor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2006.00834.x","article-title":"Early detection of pregnancy and embryonic loss in dairy cattle by ELISA tests","volume":"42","author":"Gabor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.12.021","article-title":"The ability to predict pregnancy loss in cattle with ELISAs that detect pregnancy- associated glycoproteins is antibody dependent","volume":"108","author":"Gatea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.08.020","article-title":"Exploring maternal serum microRNAs during early pregnancy in cattle","volume":"121","author":"Gebremedhn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)72628-0","article-title":"Regulation of interferon-stimulated genes in peripheral blood leukocytes in pregnant and bred, nonpregnant dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"Gifford","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.07.011","article-title":"The establishment of an ELISA for the detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) in the serum of pregnant cows and heifers","volume":"63","author":"Green","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.05.010","article-title":"Measurement of interferon-tau (IFN-tau) stimulated gene expression in blood leukocytes for pregnancy diagnosis within 18\u201320d after insemination in dairy cattle","volume":"121","author":"Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F45","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0315","article-title":"Paracrine and endocrine actions of interferon tau (IFNT)","volume":"154","author":"Hansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2007.00903.x","article-title":"Application of Doppler ultrasonography in cattle reproduction","volume":"42","author":"Herzog","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zuchthygiene"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.11.016","article-title":"Luteal blood flow is a more appropriate indicator for luteal function during the bovine estrous cycle than luteal size","volume":"73","author":"Herzog","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.6.1787","article-title":"Evidence for placental abnormality as the major cause of mortality in first-trimester somatic cell cloned bovine fetuses","volume":"63","author":"Hill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2529-1","article-title":"Circulating miRNA signatures of early pregnancy in cattle","volume":"17","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174892","article-title":"Changes in circulating microRNA levels can be identified as early as day 8 of pregnancy in cattle","volume":"12","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(89)90026-5","article-title":"Accuracy of ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis on days 10 to 22 in heifers","volume":"31","author":"Kastelic","year":"1989","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3266","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11955","article-title":"Using Doppler ultrasonography on day 34 of pregnancy to predict pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cattle","volume":"100","author":"Kelley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)30591-2","article-title":"Early pregnancy factor: Biology and practical application","volume":"139","author":"Koch","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1343-x","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle mediated embryo-endometrial cross talk during implantation and in pregnancy","volume":"36","author":"Kurian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6414","article-title":"Short communication: field evaluation of a pregnancy confirmation test using milk samples in dairy cows","volume":"96","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.06.012","article-title":"Influence of progesterone on oocyte quality and embryo development in cows","volume":"76","author":"Lonergan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01620.x","article-title":"Ultrasound and endocrine findings that help to assess the risk of late embryo\/early foetal loss by non-infectious cause in dairy cattle","volume":"45","author":"Lopez-Gatius","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00715-4","article-title":"Factors affecting pregnancy loss from gestation Day 38 to 90 in lactating dairy cows from a single herd","volume":"57","author":"Lopez-Gatius","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib27","first-page":"182","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: Roles in gamete maturation, fertilization and embryo implantation","volume":"22","author":"Machtinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3693","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-6130","article-title":"Subspecies differences in early fetal development and plasma pregnancy-associated glycoprotein concentrations in cattle","volume":"91","author":"Mercadante","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1112","article-title":"Evaluation of factors that affect embryonic loss in dairy cattle","volume":"226","author":"Moore","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9840393","article-title":"Early pregnancy factor (EPF): A link between fertilization and immunomodulation","volume":"37","author":"Morton","year":"1984","journal-title":"Aust. J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib31","first-page":"204","article-title":"Effectiveness of an early pregnancy test for cows","volume":"83","author":"Pagels","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9903","article-title":"Expression of estrus improves fertility and decreases pregnancy losses in lactating dairy cows that receive artificial insemination or embryo transfer","volume":"99","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5268","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501700102","article-title":"Relationship between follicle size at insemination and pregnancy success","volume":"102","author":"Perry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4158","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6348","article-title":"Circulating bovine pregnancy associated glycoproteins are associated with late embryonic\/fetal survival but not ovulatory follicle size in suckled beef cows","volume":"91","author":"Pohler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-15856-3_13","article-title":"Predicting embryo presence and viability","volume":"216","author":"Pohler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22856","article-title":"Circulating microRNA as candidates for early embryonic viability in cattle","volume":"84","author":"Pohler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10192","article-title":"Circulating concentrations of bovine pregnancy-associated glycoproteins and late embryonic mortality in lactating dairy herds","volume":"99","author":"Pohler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.01.026","article-title":"Use of bovine pregnancy-associated glycoproteins to predict late embryonic mortality in postpartum Nelore beef cows","volume":"85","author":"Pohler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.121392","article-title":"Differential expression of miRNAs and their target mRNAs in endometria prior to maternal recognition of pregnancy associates with endometrial receptivity for in vivo- and in vitro-produced bovine embryos","volume":"91","author":"Ponsuksili","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.121525","article-title":"Conceptus-induced changes in the gene expression of blood immune cells and the ultrasound-accessed luteal function in beef cattle: How early can we detect pregnancy?","volume":"91","author":"Pugliesi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.04.018","article-title":"Accuracy of pregnancy specific protein-B test for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle","volume":"74","author":"Romano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2004.04.015","article-title":"The effect of embryonic death rates in cattle on the efficacy of estrus synchronization programs","volume":"82\u201383","author":"Santos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod35.4.936","article-title":"Detection of pregnancy by radioimmunoassay of a novel pregnancy-specific protein in serum of cows and a profile of serum concentrations during gestation","volume":"35","author":"Sasser","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172220","article-title":"Can milk cell or skim milk miRNAs be used as biomarkers for early pregnancy detection in cattle?","volume":"12","author":"Schanzenbach","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.10.009","article-title":"Ultrasound monitoring of blood flow and echotexture of the corpus luteum and uterus during early pregnancy of beef heifers","volume":"83","author":"Scully","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4612","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0276","article-title":"Accuracy of a pregnancy-associated glycoprotein ELISA to determine pregnancy status of lactating dairy cows twenty-seven days after timed artificial insemination","volume":"90","author":"Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6461","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-6814","article-title":"Color Doppler flow imaging for the early detection of nonpregnant cattle at 20 days after timed artificial insemination","volume":"96","author":"Siqueira","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5941","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10070","article-title":"The role of progesterone and conceptus-derived factors in uterine biology during early pregnancy in ruminants","volume":"99","author":"Spencer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2003.12.009","article-title":"Factors affecting retention of early pregnancy in dairy cattle","volume":"84","author":"Starbuck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0014","article-title":"Correlation between reproductive status and steady-state messenger ribonucleic acid levels of the Myxovirus resistance gene, MX2, in peripheral blood leukocytes of dairy heifers","volume":"85","author":"Stevenson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.09.032","article-title":"The evaluation of corpus luteum blood flow using color-flow Doppler ultrasound for early pregnancy diagnosis in bovine embryo recipients","volume":"71","author":"Utt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.03.026","article-title":"Bovine pregnancy associated glycoproteins can alter selected transcripts in bovine endometrial explants","volume":"131","author":"Wallace","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R115","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-14-0485","article-title":"Placental PAGs: Gene origins, expression patterns, and use as markers of pregnancy","volume":"149","author":"Wallace","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.142075","article-title":"Embryo mortality around the period of maintenance of the corpus luteum causes alterations to the ovarian function of lactating dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"Wijma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17176_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.04.037","article-title":"Pivotal periods for pregnancy loss during the first trimester of gestation in lactating dairy cows","volume":"86","author":"Wiltbank","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030219308719?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030219308719?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030219308719","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T16:39:02Z","timestamp":1731083942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030219308719"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030219308719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2019-17176","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}}}