{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:07:17Z","timestamp":1793642837090,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010712","name":"Agricultural and Horticultural Development Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T02:49:58Z","timestamp":1636426198000},"page":"409-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["A survey of calf management practices and farmer perceptions of calf housing in UK dairy herds"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2170-7112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.A.","family":"Mahendran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8206-6091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.C.","family":"Wathes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.E.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4247-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Blackie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib1","series-title":"Better Calf Housing","author":"AHDB (Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board)","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib2","author":"AHDB (Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib3","first-page":"577","article-title":"Influence of improved ventilation on health of confined cattle","volume":"174","author":"Anderson","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/146879410100100307","article-title":"Thematic networks: An analytic tool for qualitative research","volume":"1","author":"Attride-Stirling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2004.01.006","article-title":"Effect of individual versus group rearing on ethological and physiological responses of crossbred calves","volume":"87","author":"Babu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.623128","article-title":"A perspective on the use of sexed semen to reduce the number of surplus male dairy calves in Ireland: A pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Balzani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2009.09.020","article-title":"Prevalence, prediction and risk factors of enteropathogens in normal and non-normal faeces of young Dutch dairy calves","volume":"93","author":"Bartels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5784","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15603","article-title":"Invited review: A systematic review of the effects of early separation on dairy cow and calf health","volume":"102","author":"Beaver","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5475","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15830","article-title":"Automatic weaning based on individual solid feed intake: Effects on behavior and performance of dairy calves","volume":"102","author":"Benetton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/vetreco-2014-000068","article-title":"A survey of drying-off practices on commercial dairy farms in northern Germany and a comparison to science-based recommendations","volume":"2","author":"Bertulat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Rec. Open"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2010.07.022","article-title":"Risk factors and rates of perinatal and postnatal mortality in cattle in Switzerland","volume":"135","author":"Bleul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104836","article-title":"Risk factors for bobby calf mortality across the New Zealand dairy supply chain","volume":"174","author":"Boulton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06890-2","article-title":"Systematic review of modifiable risk factors shows little evidential support for most current practices in Cryptosporidium management in bovine calves","volume":"119","author":"Brainard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173110900456X","article-title":"Mortality in Holstein- Friesian calves and replacement heifers, in relation to body weight and IGF-I concentration, on 19 farms in England","volume":"3","author":"Brickell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3710","article-title":"A descriptive study of the survival of Holstein-Friesian heifers through to third calving on English dairy farms","volume":"94","author":"Brickell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib16","series-title":"EAAP, 71st Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, Porto, Portugal","article-title":"Using genetics to improve dairy-bred & dairy-beef carcases","author":"Brown","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11071954","article-title":"Pre-weaned calf rearing on northern Irish dairy farms: Part 1. A description of calf management and housing design","volume":"11","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10282","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19968","article-title":"The effect of pair housing on dairy calf health, performance, and behavior","volume":"104","author":"Bu\u010dkov\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3380","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5187","article-title":"Short communication: Effects of bedding quality on the lying behavior of dairy calves","volume":"95","author":"Camiloti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14975","article-title":"Differences between performance of F1 crossbreds and Holsteins at different production levels","volume":"102","author":"Clasen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4236\/ojas.2013.31001","article-title":"Association between growth rates, age at first calving and subsequent fertility, milk production and survival in Holstein-Friesian heifers","volume":"3","author":"Cooke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6381","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9395","article-title":"Early pair housing increases solid feed intake and weight gains in dairy calves","volume":"98","author":"Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10144","article-title":"Invited review: Effects of group housing of dairy calves on behavior, cognition, performance, and health","volume":"99","author":"Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(90)90060-3","article-title":"Recall bias in epidemiologic studies","volume":"43","author":"Coughlin","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib25","series-title":"Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research","author":"Creswell","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191687","article-title":"The impact of early life nutrition and housing on growth and reproduction in dairy cattle","volume":"13","author":"Curtis","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105394","article-title":"Perinatal mortality risk factors in dairy calves","volume":"253","author":"Cuttance","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105356","article-title":"Estimation of perinatal mortality in dairy calves: A review","volume":"252","author":"Cuttance","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3441","article-title":"Weaning age of calves fed a high milk allowance by automated feeders: Effects on feed, water, and energy intake, behavioral signs of hunger, and weight gains","volume":"94","author":"de Passill\u00e9","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2007.03.006","article-title":"Behavioural indicators of hunger in dairy calves","volume":"109","author":"De Paula Vieira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2516","article-title":"Effects of pair versus single housing on performance and behavior of dairy calves before and after weaning from milk","volume":"93","author":"De Paula Vieira","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-55-49","article-title":"Farming practices in Sweden related to feeding milk and colostrum from cows treated with antimicrobials to dairy calves","volume":"55","author":"Duse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2020.100150","article-title":"Feeding behaviour and activity as early indicators of disease in pre-weaned dairy calves","volume":"15","author":"Duthie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s13165-012-0025-8","article-title":"Veterinarians' and agricultural advisors' perception of calf health and welfare in organic dairy production in Norway","volume":"2","author":"Ellingsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Org. Agric."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.11.025","article-title":"The effect of large milk meals on digestive physiology and behaviour in dairy calves","volume":"154","author":"Ellingsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.140.2.36","article-title":"Culling in 50 dairy herds in England","volume":"140","author":"Esslemont","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib37","series-title":"N.Z. Soc. Ani. Prod.","first-page":"149","article-title":"The welfare of bobby calves sent for slaughter: A synopsis of the science literature within the context of New Zealand's export system and the problems and gaps in it","author":"Fisher","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib38","series-title":"EAAP, 71st Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, Porto, Portugal","article-title":"In France, a new dairy calf to beef production for the out of home consumers","author":"Fossaert","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2007.01077.x","article-title":"Importance of prudent antibiotic use on dairy farms in South Carolina: A pilot project on farmers' knowledge, attitudes and practices","volume":"54","author":"Friedman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3995","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10405","article-title":"Growth, intake, and health of Holstein heifer calves fed an enhanced preweaning diet with or without postweaning exogenous estrogen","volume":"99","author":"Geiger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.15232\/aas.2021-02150","article-title":"Review: Effects of different forms of calf starters on feed intake and growth rate: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of studies from 1938 to 2021","volume":"37","author":"Ghaffari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78748-7","article-title":"Negative play contagion in calves","volume":"10","author":"Gr\u00f6\u00dfbacher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.06.004","article-title":"Understanding antimicrobial stewardship: Disease severity treatment thresholds and antimicrobial alternatives among organic and conventional calf producers","volume":"130","author":"Habing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4150","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11933","article-title":"Citizens' views on the practices of zero-grazing and cow-calf separation in the dairy industry: Does providing information increase acceptability?","volume":"100","author":"H\u00f6tzel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2021.105320","article-title":"Factors associated with daily weight gain in preweaned calves on dairy farms","volume":"190","author":"Hyde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17383","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of calf mortality in Great Britain","volume":"103","author":"Hyde","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2012.03.003","article-title":"The role of communication in improving udder health","volume":"28","author":"Jansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2531","article-title":"Evaluation of two communication strategies to improve udder health management","volume":"93","author":"Jansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2794","article-title":"Debunking the myth of the hard-to-reach farmer: Effective communication on udder health","volume":"93","author":"Jansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18865","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of associations between herd-level calf mortality rates, compliance with legislation on calf welfare, and milk feeding management in Norwegian dairy herds","volume":"104","author":"Johnsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/vetreco-2017-000226","article-title":"Prospective cohort study to assess rates of contagious disease in pre-weaned UK dairy heifers: Management practices, passive transfer of immunity and associated calf health","volume":"4","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Rec. Open"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5675","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12501","article-title":"Factors associated with dairy calf health in automated feeding systems in the Upper Midwest United States","volume":"100","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib53","first-page":"54","article-title":"Social facilitation and synchronization of eating between familiar and unfamiliar newly weaned piglets","volume":"46","author":"Keeling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Scand. A Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-8634(86)80049-X","article-title":"Ventilation and air flow patterns in climatic calf houses","volume":"33","author":"Kelly","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Agric. Eng. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8135","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13947","article-title":"Evaluation of applying statistical process control techniques to daily average feeding behaviors to detect disease in automatically fed group-housed preweaned dairy calves","volume":"101","author":"Knauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4014","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72445-6","article-title":"Calf respiratory disease and pen microenvironments in naturally ventilated calf barns in winter","volume":"89","author":"Lago","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15506","article-title":"Effects of antibiotic residues in milk on growth, ruminal fermentation, and microbial community of preweaning dairy calves","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10230","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13716","article-title":"Effect of the environment on the risk of respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves during summer months","volume":"101","author":"Louie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173111800294X","article-title":"Effects of feeding frequency of an elevated plane of milk replacer and calf age on behavior, and glucose and insulin kinetics in male Holstein calves","volume":"13","author":"MacPherson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib60","author":"Mahendran"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030612","article-title":"The health and behavioural effects of individual versus pair housing of calves at different ages on a UK commercial dairy farm","volume":"11","author":"Mahendran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731110000650","article-title":"Dairy calf housing systems across Europe and risk for calf infectious diseases","volume":"4","author":"Marc\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11891","article-title":"Feeding of waste milk to Holstein calves affects antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida isolated from fecal and nasal swabs","volume":"100","author":"Maynou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5765","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-16021","article-title":"Invited review: A systematic review of the effects of prolonged cow\u2013calf contact on behavior, welfare, and productivity","volume":"102","author":"Meagher","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6872","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12273","article-title":"A survey of dairy calf management practices among farms using manual and automated milk feeding systems in Canada","volume":"100","author":"Medrano-Galarza","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2007.10.002","article-title":"Newborn dairy calf management","volume":"24","author":"Mee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731108001699","article-title":"Prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, perinatal calf mortality in pasture-based Holstein-Friesian cows","volume":"2","author":"Mee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2021.105329","article-title":"Influence on the implementation of biosecurity measures in dairy cattle farms: Communication between veterinarians and dairy farmers","volume":"190","author":"Moya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2018.10.002","article-title":"Calf barn design to optimize health and ease of management","volume":"35","author":"Nordlund","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6010","article-title":"Perinatal, neonatal, and rearing period mortality of dairy calves and replacement heifers in France","volume":"96","author":"Raboisson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11977","article-title":"Invited review: Determinants of farmers' adoption of management-based strategies for infectious disease prevention and control","volume":"100","author":"Ritter","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.105094","article-title":"\u201cThey've got to be testing and doing something about it\u201d: Farmer and veterinarian views on drivers for Johne's disease control in dairy herds in England","volume":"182","author":"Robinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.155","article-title":"Beyond individuals: Toward a \u201cdistributed\u201d approach to farmer decision-making behavior","volume":"7","author":"Rose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Energy Secur."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11195","article-title":"The effect of milk allowance on behavior and weight gains in dairy calves","volume":"100","author":"Rosenberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1153","article-title":"Influence of weaning method on health status and rumen development in dairy calves","volume":"92","author":"Roth","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(95)90071-3","article-title":"The motivation of non-nutritive sucking in calves, Bos taurus","volume":"49","author":"Rushen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txz172","article-title":"The effect of calf jackets on the health, performance, and skin temperature of dairy origin beef calves","volume":"4","author":"Rutherford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6096","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19380","article-title":"Milk- and starter-feeding strategies to reduce cross sucking in pair-housed calves in outdoor hutches","volume":"104","author":"Salter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2021.105344","article-title":"Evaluation of the association between the introduction of data-driven tools to support calf rearing and reduced calf mortality in dairy herds in the Netherlands","volume":"191","author":"Santman-Berends","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119001071","article-title":"The effect of calf jacket usage on performance, behaviour and physiological responses of group-housed dairy calves","volume":"13","author":"Scoley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4489","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15100","article-title":"Management of preweaned bull calves on dairy operations in the United States","volume":"102","author":"Shivley","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2020.104343","article-title":"The effects of manual and automated milk feeding methods on group-housed calf health, behaviour, growth and labour","volume":"244","author":"Sinnott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3501","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15401","article-title":"Calf care personnel on dairy farms and their educational opportunities","volume":"102","author":"Sischo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1086\/393866","article-title":"Mammalian play: Training for the unexpected","volume":"76","author":"Spinka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Q. Rev. Biol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10303","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14859","article-title":"Canadian dairy cattle veterinarian perspectives on calf welfare","volume":"101","author":"Sumner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2005.09.006","article-title":"Effect of space allowance on behaviour of newborn milk-fed dairy calves","volume":"99","author":"Tapk\u0131","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102955","article-title":"Visual weight estimation and the risk of underdosing dairy cattle","volume":"177","author":"van Dijk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9215","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11863","article-title":"Herd-level prevalence of selected endemic infectious diseases of dairy cows in Great Britain","volume":"100","author":"Velasova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6105","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6040","article-title":"Views on contentious practices in dairy farming: The case of early cow-calf separation","volume":"96","author":"Ventura","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-8634(84)80009-8","article-title":"The balance of airborne bacteria in calf houses","volume":"30","author":"Wathes","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Agric. Eng. Res."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15265","article-title":"Hypertonic milk replacers increase gastrointestinal permeability in healthy dairy calves","volume":"102","author":"Wilms","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.01.007","article-title":"Evidence for age susceptibility of cattle to Johne's disease","volume":"184","author":"Windsor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20638_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.12.034","article-title":"Comparison of visual assessment and heart girth tape measurement for estimating the weight of cattle in clinical practice","volume":"203","author":"Wood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. J."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030221009917?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022030221009917?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030221009917","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T21:21:35Z","timestamp":1731100895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022030221009917"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022030221009917"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2021-20638","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A survey of calf management practices and farmer perceptions of calf housing in UK dairy herds","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2021-20638","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}