{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:57:58Z","timestamp":1792803478530,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Dairy Science Association","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000733","name":"UFAW","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000839","name":"University of Reading","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofdairyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T05:23:09Z","timestamp":1661923389000},"page":"8316-8327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Holstein calves' preference for potential physical enrichment items on different presentation schedules"],"prefix":"10.3168","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7581-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7709-2949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darren T.","family":"Juniper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reanne","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6576-8155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca K.","family":"Meagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1747","reference":[{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77369-5","article-title":"Feeding behavior of dairy cattle","volume":"76","author":"Albright","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2004.01.006","article-title":"Effect of individual versus group rearing on ethological and physiological responses of crossbred calves","volume":"87","author":"Babu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1051\/animres:19960501","article-title":"Palatability and feeding behaviour in ruminants. A review","volume":"45","author":"Baumont","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Zootech."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2005.08.021","article-title":"Formalised review of environmental enrichment for pigs in relation to political decision making","volume":"98","author":"Bracke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(01)00108-3","article-title":"Sucking motivation and related problems in calves","volume":"72","author":"de Passill\u00e9","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(93)90326-B","article-title":"Nonnutritive sucking by the calf and postprandial secretion of insulin, CCK, and gastrin","volume":"54","author":"de Passill\u00e9","year":"1993","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2007.03.006","article-title":"Behavioural indicators of hunger in dairy calves","volume":"109","author":"De Paula Vieira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-648","article-title":"Usage of mechanical brushes by lactating dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"DeVries","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.03.016","article-title":"A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses","volume":"92","author":"Forkman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib10","series-title":"Social Learning: Psychological and Biological Perspectives","first-page":"119","article-title":"Communication of information concerning distant diets in a social, central-place foraging species: Rattus norvegicus","author":"Galef","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75794-7","article-title":"Effects of resistance to milk flow and the provision of hay on nonnutritive sucking by dairy calves","volume":"81","author":"Haley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(88)90052-4","article-title":"Sucking behaviour of dairy calves fed milk ad libitum by bucket or teat","volume":"20","author":"Hammell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8421","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-18042","article-title":"Effects of access to stationary brushes and chopped hay on behavior and performance of individually housed dairy calves","volume":"103","author":"Horvath","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3949","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12223","article-title":"The effect of milk-feeding method and hay provision on the development of feeding behavior and non-nutritive oral behavior of dairy calves","volume":"100","author":"Horvath","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15460","article-title":"Characterizing grooming behavior patterns and the influence of brush access on the behavior of group-housed dairy calves","volume":"102","author":"Horvath","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(88)80110-6","article-title":"The notion of ethological \u2018need', models of motivation and animal welfare","volume":"36","author":"Hughes","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib17","series-title":"Proc. 2013 Western Dairy Management Conference, Reno, NV","first-page":"132","article-title":"Group housing and feeding systems for calves\u2014Opportunities and challenges","author":"James","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3054","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74391-9","article-title":"Effects of ad libitum milk intake on dairy calves","volume":"85","author":"Jasper","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(02)00216-2","article-title":"The effects of feeding method, milk allowance and social factors on milk feeding behaviour and cross-sucking in group housed dairy calves","volume":"80","author":"Jensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8272","article-title":"Pair housing and enhanced milk allowance increase play behavior and improve performance in dairy calves","volume":"98","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5035","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7311","article-title":"Effects of level of social contact on dairy calf behavior and health","volume":"97","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(97)00106-8","article-title":"Play behaviour in dairy calves kept in pens: the effect of social contact and space allowance","volume":"56","author":"Jensen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2014.12.003","article-title":"The effect of nursing on the cow\u2013calf bond","volume":"163","author":"Johnsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7036.105.1.15","article-title":"Genetic and experiential manipulation of fear-related behavior in Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica)","volume":"105","author":"Jones","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Comp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1071\/AN19049","article-title":"The effect of milk quantity and feeding frequency on calf growth and behaviour","volume":"60","author":"Jongman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(01)00110-1","article-title":"Effects of amount of milk, milk flow and access to a rubber teat on cross-sucking and non-nutritive sucking in dairy calves","volume":"72","author":"Jung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3547","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3871","article-title":"Hay intake improves performance and rumen development of calves fed higher quantities of milk","volume":"94","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2009.12.002","article-title":"Play behaviour in dairy calves is reduced by weaning and by a low energy intake","volume":"122","author":"Krachun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.2527\/1993.7151345x","article-title":"Evaluating housing systems for veal calves","volume":"71","author":"Le Neindre","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(01)00109-5","article-title":"Effect of milkflow rate and presence of a floating nipple on abnormal sucking between dairy calves","volume":"72","author":"Loberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9875","article-title":"Invited review: Environmental enrichment of dairy cows and calves in indoor housing","volume":"99","author":"Mandel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib33","series-title":"Animal Welfare","first-page":"98","article-title":"Behavioural restriction","author":"Mason","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2016.10.007","article-title":"Inconsistency in dairy calves' responses to tests of fearfulness","volume":"185","author":"Meagher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.06.006","article-title":"Some like it varied: Individual differences in preference for feed variety in dairy heifers","volume":"195","author":"Meagher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib36","series-title":"Second Nature: Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals","first-page":"30","article-title":"Environmental enrichment and the importance of exploratory behavior","author":"Mench","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7260","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7013","article-title":"Effect of feed presentation on feeding patterns of dairy calves","volume":"96","author":"Miller-Cushon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7199","article-title":"Dietary preference in dairy calves for feed ingredients high in energy and protein","volume":"97","author":"Miller-Cushon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(78)90059-3","article-title":"The practical problems of recognizing and measuring fear and exploration behaviour in the domestic fowl","volume":"26","author":"Murphy","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(95)00616-Z","article-title":"Environmental enrichment: Increasing the biological relevance of captive environments","volume":"44","author":"Newberry","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4807","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12180","article-title":"The effect of a furnished individual hutch pre-weaning on calf behavior, response to novelty, and growth","volume":"100","author":"Pempek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9060369","article-title":"Effects of enrichment type, presentation and social status on enrichment use and behaviour of sows with electronic sow feeding","volume":"9","author":"Roy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(95)90071-3","article-title":"The motivation of non-nutritive sucking in calves, Bos taurus","volume":"49","author":"Rushen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib44","series-title":"Ethical Treatment of Animals in Applied Animal Behavior Research","author":"Sherwin","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1136","article-title":"Behavior of feedlot cattle affects voluntary oral and physical interactions with manila ropes","volume":"87","author":"Stanford","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2006.05.026","article-title":"Maximizing the effectiveness of environmental enrichment: Suggestions from the experimental analysis of behavior","volume":"102","author":"Tarou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8430","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-12984","article-title":"Use of an automated grooming brush by heifers and potential for radiofrequency identification-based measurements of this behavior","volume":"100","author":"Toaff-Rosenstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.07.007","article-title":"The role of novelty in environmental enrichment for the weaned pig","volume":"116","author":"Trickett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.08.001","article-title":"A review of environmental enrichment for pigs housed in intensive housing systems","volume":"116","author":"van de Weerd","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2005.10.014","article-title":"Effects of species-relevant environmental enrichment on the behaviour and productivity of finishing pigs","volume":"99","author":"van de Weerd","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib51","first-page":"2574","article-title":"Does nutritive and non-nutritive sucking reduce other oral behaviors and stimulate rest in calves?","volume":"80","author":"Veissier","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(02)00019-9","article-title":"An assessment of several potential enrichment devices for feedlot cattle","volume":"76","author":"Wilson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib53","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21715_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3390\/ani7110084","article-title":"Calves use an automated brush and a hanging rope when pair-housed","volume":"7","author":"Zobel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002203022200488X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002203022200488X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002203022200488X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T19:28:23Z","timestamp":1762198103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002203022200488X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S002203022200488X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2021-21715","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0302","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Holstein calves' preference for potential physical enrichment items on different presentation schedules","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dairy Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2021-21715","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}